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Research on the status of polar scientific research and expedition standards development and its countermeasures Luo Guangfu, Li Bingrui, Gao Yuan, Chen Chao, Lan Musheng, He Jianfeng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (2): 304-314.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20220302 Abstract （988）      PDF（pc） （446KB）（1862）       Knowledge map    Save This article reviews the current status of polar scientific research and expedition standards. The results revealed that there are only 6 national standards and 10 industrial standards for polar investigation, representing 3.4% of the total number of marine industry standards and 1.1% of the total number of natural resources industry standards. Most polar investigation standards are basic general standards, and polar surveying, observation, and monitoring standards are lacking. By combining the construction concept of natural resources standard systems, and analyzing the classification methods of polar scientific research and expedition standards, a framework for a polar scientific research standard system was preliminarily constructed. On this basis, suggested action includes strengthening the revision of technical regulations into industry standards, formulating safety standards for polar investigation, and exploring the development of international standards. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Sweden’s Arctic strategy for the new decade Yue Peng, Chen Huiwen, Gao Xiaoyan Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (3): 340-351.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210049 Abstract （1360）      PDF（pc） （348KB）（1806）       Knowledge map    Save Under Arctic amplification, the melting of Arctic ice has accelerated in recent years. The era of an ice-free Arctic is arriving. The Arctic is becoming increasingly valuable in terms of resources, transportation, and geopolitics, and is intensifying the competition among the great powers. Increasing confrontations between Russia and US and deteriorating relations between China and US are challenging Arctic security. Sweden considers that a stronger cooperation between China and Russia would lead to considerable changes in Arctic geopolitics. In November 2020, Sweden released its new Arctic report—Sweden’s strategy for the Arctic region 2020. It emphasizes international cooperation, military security, climate and environment, polar research, sustainable economic development, and improvement of residents’ living conditions; residents’ security was especially emphasized. Sweden advocates cooperation and takes on the role of mediator in case of disputes. Sweden is actively responding to the challenges in the Arctic, which include increasing risks of military confrontation, frequent disputes over maritime rights, and insufficient infrastructure. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Polar ice core-based climate and environmental research: A review and perspective Liu Ke Hou Shugui Pang Hongxi Shi Guitao Geng Lei Hu Huanting Song Jing Zhang Wangbin Zou Xiang An Chunlei Yu Jinhai Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (4): 530-545.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210091 Abstract （1272）      PDF（pc） （4768KB）（1800）       Knowledge map    Save Ice cores record past changes in precipitation, temperature, volcanic activity, and solar activity, and are therefore good proxies for studying global climate and environmental change. Polar ice cores play are unmatched in their capacity to extend the time scale of high-resolution paleoclimate records hundreds of thousands or even millions of years into the past. In recent years, a series of new research advances have been made in the study of polar ice cores, but there is still a lack of a systematic summary on this topic. In this paper, the latest research progress related to polar ice cores is reviewed. We mainly focus on polar ice cores’ physical properties, stable water isotopes, soluble and insoluble substances, and trapped gases. Finally, possible future directions of polar ice core research that could provide important new insights are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The progress and prospect on the 40th anniversary of Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Expeditions LIU Shunlin Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 317-328.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240079 Abstract （1003）      PDF（pc） （409KB）（1783）       Knowledge map    Save Scientific research plays an important role in enhancing polar knowledge, protecting polar environment and ecosystem, rational utilization of polar resources, and promoting the development of polar technology. Since China’s first Antarctic expedition in 1984, the country’s polar scientific research has made breakthrough progress. It has built a polar scientific research support platform which contains 7 research stations and 2 research vessels, constructed an atmosphere-land-ocean polar observation network, developed multiple sets of sampling equipment such as polar deep ice core drilling tools, organized and implemented polar projects such as “Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation of the Arctic and Antarctic Environment”, and achieved research results in multiple fields such as the instability of polar ice caps and their response to global change. It has successfully implemented international cooperation projects such as “The Prydz Bay, Amery Ice Shelf and Dome A Observatories” (PANDA). In the future, we should further improve the polar scientific research platform, enhance the long-term observation and monitoring capabilities of the Antarctic ice sheet and the central Arctic Ocean, carry out major polar scientific research activities such as drilling of the Antarctic subglacial lake, promote the international cooperation utilizing the scientific research platforms such as the marine laboratory at Antarctic Qinling Station, and make greater contributions to understanding, protecting, and utilizing the polar regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Processes underlying the formation and temporal and spatial variability of Arctic polynyas: A review Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (3): 380-396.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210044 Abstract （1340）      PDF（pc） （4808KB）（1534）       Knowledge map    Save Arctic climate is undergoing rapid changes. In the Arctic Ocean, polynyas are the areas with the highest level of activity. The formation and maintenance of polynyas, sea ice formation, and subsequent brine rejection can have profound impacts on the hydrological environment, the survival and development of marine life, and the viability of Arctic shipping routes. However, there is insufficient information on the variability of the location, size, and timing of Arctic polynyas and on the factors and mechanisms that drive and maintain polynyas. There are few Chinese reviews that focus on the processes underlying the formation and the temporal and spatial variations of Arctic polynyas. Therefore, in this paper, we provide an overview of existing studies, and outline current research methods and results with regard to formation mechanisms and processes underlying the temporal and spatial variations. We provide a summary of the effects of polynyas on the Arctic region and the thermodynamic and dynamic factors that influence polynya variation. We highlight prospects for future research on the basis of existing studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Polar radioglaciology: Frontiers in technology and methods Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (3): 397-400.   Abstract （936）      PDF（pc） （229KB）（1438）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in the study of bacterioplankton community structures in the Southern Ocean Sun Yurong Ma Yuxin Cao Shunan Luo Guangfu Lan Musheng He Jianfeng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (4): 546-554.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20200079 Abstract （1048）      PDF（pc） （328KB）（1397）       Knowledge map    Save Bacterioplankton is an important part of the marine microbial loop, playing a role in maintaining the stability of the marine ecosystem and material circulation. This paper summarizes the community composition of bacterioplankton and its influencing factors in different parts of the Southern Ocean. The results show that the dominant groups are α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB), while less abundant groups exhibit strong spatial variability. Temperature and dissolved organic carbon concentrations are two of the main environmental factors that regulate the community structure. There is an obvious interaction between bacterioplankton and other compnents of the microbial food web. Environmental changes such as increasing water temperature and ocean acidification caused by climate change may affect the bacterioplankton community. In the future, research on the bacterioplankton in the pelagic waters, pack ice zone, and deep waters, should be strengthened. In addition, research on seasonal community changes in nearshor waters should be conducted, as should attempts to predict the potential changes and regulation mechanisms of the bacterioplanktonic community in the Southern Ocean via both field investigations and modeling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design analysis for winterization of polar vessels Liu Zhibing, Pu Jun, Huang Jinjin, Chen Yanzhen Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (3): 479-489.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20220418 Abstract （848）      PDF（pc） （4592KB）（1396）       Knowledge map    Save Freezing is the most common problem and serious for vessels operating in polar waters, because it affects ship safety and equipment operability. Therefore, ship systems and equipment exposed to cold weather must comply with the appropriate cold protection policies to achieve the required anti-icing and de-icing effects. In this study, we conducted a thorough review of the relevant winterization rules and guidelines established by the China Classification Society (CCS). We analyzed the winterization requirements pertaining to specific areas of the ship, to assess the optimal winterization technology of equipment and systems, such as engine room ventilation, ice sea chest, ballast water tank anti freezing systems and products, and deck machinery. Finally, we summarized the main anti-freezing measures to provide design guidance for ships sailing in cold areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Variations and controlling mechanisms on ocean heat content in the Barents Sea over the past four decade Lai Ying, Wang Xuezhu, Ge Zhicheng, Chen Jiao, Chen Meixiang Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (2): 183-196.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20220405 Abstract （969）      PDF（pc） （5690KB）（1318）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the ORAS5 reanalysis dataset, it is shown that the ocean heat content (OHC) in the Barents Sea exists significant seasonal cycle, interannual variability and increasing trend during 1979–2018. The air-sea heat flux dominates the seasonal cycle of OHC, while the interannual variability and long-term trend of OHC are mostly impacted by the oceanic heat transport of the Atlantic inflow. Both the temperature and transport can explain the interannual variability of the oceanic heat transport carried by the Atlantic inflow, however, the enhancement of the oceanic heat transport is almost determined by the increased inflow temperature. Besides, we found distinct differences in air-sea heat exchanges associated with sea ice conditions in the Barents Sea: The ocean surface heat loss reduced and the mixed layer depth became shallower in the open water while the ocean surface heat loss was enhanced and the mixed layer depth deepened in the sea ice covered area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Process in the study of ice cover and snow surface energy balance in the Arctic Zou Xiaowei, Yang Diyi, Tian Biao, Zhang Lei, Sun Weijun, Li Zhao, Ding Minghu Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (1): 139-151.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20220001 Abstract （689）      PDF（pc） （1665KB）（1288）       Knowledge map    Save Land-atmosphere interaction processes, especially glacier/snow surface albedo variations, are key scientific issues that restrict the understanding of rapidly changes (e.g., surface temperature rising, sea ice and snow extent decreasing) in the Arctic. This study, on the basis of recent improvements of observation techniques and analysis methods, shows the marked progress achieved in characterizing the Arctic glacier/snow surface energy balance. However, due to lack of the observation data with high quality, the robustness of the parameterization schemes and dataset with remote sensing/numerical models should be further evaluated. Therefore, longer time series of comprehensive observations, at more numerous and densely distributed observation sites, are needed for future surface energy balance studies. In addition, multi-source satellite remote sensing monitoring systems should be developed to acquire large scale, three-dimensional, dynamic, and continuous datasets, for evaluation and validation of remote sensing products and complex parameterization schemes. Such data will also allow for better characterization of the mechanisms influencing the Arctic glacier/snow surface energy balance and of sea ice/snow/atmosphere interactions, thus representing an important contribution to polar cryosphere and climate change research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatiotemporal variations of Arctic multi-year ice from 2000 to 2019 Hu Haihan , Zhang Zhilun, Li Xinqing, Hui Fengming, Zhao Jiechen, Zhuang Qifeng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (4): 419-431.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210070 Abstract （1327）      PDF（pc） （2285KB）（1285）       Knowledge map    Save Multi-year sea ice is a critical component of the Arctic ecosystem and can act as an indicator of Arctic climate change. For instance, the spatial and temporal variability of multi-year ice in the Arctic region can reveal broader regional climatic trends. Based on sea ice age and thickness data from the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of multi-year Arctic ice extent and age from 2000 to 2019. Ice thickness and volume dynamics between 2011 to 2019 are also assessed. An attribution analysis of multi-year ice variations was then carried out based on the reanalysis data provided by the European Center for Medium-Term Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). The results showed that the majority of Arctic multi-year ice (65.6%) was mainly distributed in the central part of the Arctic. Compared with 2000, the extent of multi-year ice decreased by 1.61×106 km2 in 2019, and the proportion of sea ice, which persists for at least five years or more, decreased by 21%. The fastest reductions occurred in the Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea. From 2011 to 2019, the average thickness of multi-year ice was 2.35±0.18 m. The increase of ice thickness and volume fluctuated greatly from year to year during the icing period, and the decrease rate during the melting period was generally faster than the increase rate during the icing period. Among the correlation analysis of various environmental parameters, the 2-m air temperature and sea surface temperature exhibited the strongest significant negative correlations with multi-year ice variations, with the correlation coefficients are –0.78 and –0.77, respectively. In light of continued global warming and “Arctic amplification”, more attention should be paid to the future variations of Arctic sea ice, especially multi-year ice changes with greater thickness and longer retention, which have a major impact on the Arctic ice mass balance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview on the thermodynamic and dynamic factors influencing Arctic sea ice thickness Wang Yun, Li Xuewei, Wang Jinfei, Yu Lejiang, Yang Qinghua Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (1): 124-138.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210051 Abstract （909）      PDF（pc） （373KB）（1234）       Knowledge map    Save Under current climate change conditions, Arctic sea ice has become a key scientific topic, because of its close connection with global climate. Sea ice thickness, important for material and energy exchanges between the atmosphere, sea ice and oceans, is also an indicator of climate change. In the last 40 years, Arctic sea ice cover has rapidly shrunk, ice thickness has markedly decreased, and ice melt has strongly accelerated. These changes have markedly affected the climate system at the regional and global scale. Summarizing previous research results, this paper comprehensively describes the thermodynamic and dynamic processes affecting Arctic sea ice thickness. Thermodynamically, sea ice thickness is affected by atmospheric variables including ice characteristics, air temperature, water vapor, rainfall, snowfall and cloud cover, through the sea ice surface radiation budget and turbulent heat exchange (sensible and latent heat). Moreover, the ocean heat flux affecting sea ice thickness results from upper ocean heating by solar radiation, vertical mixing induced by wind stress, and warm water input from middle and low latitudes. Dynamically, the interaction between wind stress and ocean currents generates sea ice transport and deformation, thereby affecting the sea ice thickness. In summary, climate variability induces additive forcing from these thermodynamic and dynamic processes on sea ice thickness variation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Assessment of solar photovoltaic power potential at Kunlun Station, Antarctica Wang Tao, Shan Shuo, Jin Xinmiao, Yao Xu, Fang Shixiong, Zhang Kanjian Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (3): 292-302.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210058 Abstract （1251）      PDF（pc） （5971KB）（1191）       Knowledge map    Save We assessed the solar photovoltaic power potential at Kunlun Station, Antarctica with the goal of establishing a photovoltaic plant at the station. We analyzed NASA satellite data of the station area from 2001 to 2017 and conducted forecasts of global irradiance. Our results show that the annual irradiance is high. During the year, there are monthly variations in the irradiance distribution, which remains relatively stable during each month. The average daily irradiance and sunshine hours also exhibit similar variations throughout the year. Using artificial neural networks, we conducted forecasts and climate feedback analysis. Results show that the irradiance is positively correlated with temperature, aerosol, and ozone content, while cloud amount and rainfall show negatively correlation with the irradiance in the Antarctic region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on the navigable window period of ships in the Northwest Passage of the Arctic Wang Fagen, Hu Shenping, Jiao Xixin, Fu Shanshan, Xi Yongtao, Han Bing Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (2): 326-335.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20220303 Abstract （949）      PDF（pc） （753KB）（1181）       Knowledge map    Save Melting of Arctic sea ice makes navigation of the Arctic Northwest Route (ANR) possible, and it is necessary to determine the navigable window of the ANR. Focusing on the ice conditions and the complex navigation environment of the ANR, a navigation risk assessment model was constructed based on system dynamics, and the process risk assessment method in the temporal dimension was proposed for determining the navigable window for shipping on the ANR. Six routes were established as simulation scenarios, and in combination with objective data of monthly average changes in wind, fog, waves, and sea ice during 2015–2021, the navigability risk for shipping on the ANR was simulated. Results showed that the navigable window of the ANR is from late August to early September; and that the optimal route is via Amundsen Bay–Prince of Wales Strait–Barrow Strait–Baffin Bay and Amundsen Bay–Victoria Strait–Peel Strait–Baffin Bay. The navigability risk for shipping on the two routes is relatively low. Overall, the ANR generally has a relatively high level of navigability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatial distribution of Antarctic krill and their relationship with chlorophyll concentration in the Amundsen Sea in summer Li Shuai, Yang Jialiang, Zhao Guoqing, Li Lingzhi, Rao Xin, Huang Hongliang Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (4): 451-458.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210075 Abstract （1061）      PDF（pc） （599KB）（1161）       Knowledge map    Save Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are widely distributed in the Southern Ocean. It is a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem and an important food source for whales, fish, penguins and birds, and their density and distribution are strongly affected by environmental factors. Based on acoustic evaluation and survey data from the 36th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition, One-way ANOVA and bivariate correlation analysis were used to study the spatial distribution characteristics and the relationship with chlorophyll concentration of Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea from January 9, 2020 to February 5, 2020. The results showed that the average resource density of Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea was 6.36 g·m–2, with the highest proportion (68.18%) falling in the density range of 0~5 g·m–2. Spatial variability in Antarctic krill density was statistically significant (P<0.05). Antarctic krill resources were concentrated in the inshore (72.75°S—76.25°S) and western regions (150°W—158°W) of the Amundsen Sea. The average chlorophyll concentration in the study area was 3.54 mg·m–3, with the highest proportion (38.31%) falling in the 2~3 mg·m–3 concentration range. There was also significant spatial variability in chlorophyll concentrations (P<0.05), which were higher in the coastal waters (72.75°S—76.25°S) and on the eastern and western sides (114°W—119°W and 140°W—158°W) of the Amundsen Sea. A significant positive correlation between chlorophyll concentration and the resource density distribution of Antarctic krill was detected (P<0.05). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Species diversity, low-temperature adaptation, and biotechnology application of Antarctic algae  Deng Qian , Gao Baoyan , Tang Zihan , Zhang Chengwu Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2023, 35 (4): 619-629.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20220425 Abstract （704）      PDF（pc） （418KB）（1152）       Knowledge map    Save Algae are the main contributors to the primary productivity of the Antarctic and the basis of marine and terrestrial food webs. To cope with low temperatures, algae have formed a series of anti-stress mechanisms through long-term adaptation and evolution, which are essential to maintain the stability of the polar habitat. This paper summarizes the diversity and distribution of Antarctic algal species, reveals the adaptive strategies of algae in low-temperature environments (e.g., changes in the lipid composition of the cell membrane, production of intracellular and extracellular active substances, and evolutionary mechanisms), and summarizes the wide application of psychrophilic algae in nutrition and health, medical treatment, and the chemical and cosmetics industries. Further research is needed on Antarctic algal diversity, multiomics, the breakthrough of low-temperature algal culture technology, and the use of new low-temperature and low-temperature tolerant algal biological resources. With ongoing exploration of algal thermal adaptation strategies, algae adapted to low-temperature environments are likely to receive more attention in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Institutional arrangements of economic rights and interests in the Spitsbergen Treaty and Norway’s policies Liu Han Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (4): 494-502.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210046 Abstract （1059）      PDF（pc） （309KB）（1146）       Knowledge map    Save In 1920, the Spitsbergen Treaty granted the sovereignty of Svalbard to Norway and gave the contracting states the rights to engage in economic activities such as fishing, hunting, and mining in Svalbard. Since the Treaty came into force, the Norwegian government has enacted laws and regulations to strengthen the management of economic activities in Svalbard, gradually nationalized the land and important businesses on the island, promoted the general economic activities of Norwegian companies and citizens, and planned its mainland economic development blueprint of Svalbard. This paper attempts to clarify the institutional arrangement of economic rights and interests of the Spitsbergen Treaty and Norway's associated policies from the three perspectives of history, policy, and practice. It also seeks to provide a useful reference for Chinese citizens to potentially carry out economic activities in Svalbard in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in the research, development, and application of polar science and engineering technology equipment in China WANG Shuoren, LIAO Zhouxin, GUO Jingxue, CHEN Qingman, TANG Shuaishuai, HE Jianfeng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 473-485.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240043 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （761KB）（1139）       Knowledge map    Save Polar science and engineering technology equipment plays a significant role in the development of polar science and technology, impacting not only polar scientific research and resource utilization but also a nation's security, international standing, and sustainable development. In the context of continuous technological advancements and an increasingly complex international polar situation, the research, development, and application of polar science and engineering technology in China have become particularly important and urgent. This paper comprehensively reviews the development process and latest achievements in the research, development, and application of scientific exploration technology equipment and engineering technology equipment over the past 40 years of China's polar research. It analyzes the current status of China's polar engineering technology equipment development, its gaps with the world's advanced level, and existing issues. This paper also focuses on the problems existing in China's polar scientific research and exploration technology, heavy icebreaker technology, polar aviation technology, and communication and navigation technology. It proposes suggestions such as promoting major polar projects and grand scientific plans, building a collaborative innovation platform, strengthening key technology innovation and research and development, constructing polar testing grounds, improving standardized technical systems, and promoting industrial development. The aim is to rapidly develop and gradually surpass the world's advanced level in the research, development, and application of polar science and engineering technology equipment, better serving China's polar cause development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and possible causes of long-term wind field variation at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica Wu Weigang, Zhang Wenqian, Wu Maifeng, Ma Jingkai, Ling Xinfeng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (3): 278-291.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210064 Abstract （1420）      PDF（pc） （6387KB）（1132）       Knowledge map    Save Using on-the-ground meteorological measurements and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1989 to 2020, we examined changes in wind speed and direction at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica and the mechanisms underlying observed changes. Our findings are as follows: (1) There are clear seasonal variations in wind speed at Zhongshan Station. The wind speed is the highest in winter, second highest in autumn, and the lowest in summer. During the day, wind speed reaches its maximum value at 5 am local time, and its minimum value at 3 pm; there is a single maximum and a single minimum per day. Diurnal variations are large in spring and summer, but small in autumn and winter. (2) Wind speed and frequency of katabatic wind and gale days at Zhongshan Station have decreased over the past 31 years. The rate of decrease is the highest in summer. Results from wind vector decomposition show that the rate of decrease of the southerly winds is significantly higher than the rates of decrease of winds in other directions. The trends of the westerly and northerly winds are not significant. The negative trend of the easterly winds is only significant in summer. (3) The decrease of annual mean wind speed at Zhongshan Station is mainly caused by the decrease in moderate gale and gale days. The changes observed at Zhongshan Station are related to changes in the atmospheric circulation. The weakening of the cold polar high to the south of Zhongshan Station and of the extreme low in the north of the southern Indian Ocean result in a decrease in the pressure gradient and reduced wind speeds at Zhongshan Station. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The spatial distribution of icebergs around Antarctica from 2015 to 2020 based on remote sensing Zhang Zhuoyu , Liu Lei , Liu Xuying , Qi Mengzhen Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2022, 34 (4): 432-440.   DOI: 10.13679/j. jdyj.20210078 Abstract （1131）      PDF（pc） （2602KB）（1116）       Knowledge map    Save Icebergs are large pieces of ice produced by the disintegration of ice shelves following crack growth due to the uneven movement speed of each part of ice shelves. The movement and melting of icebergs can transport and subsequently release freshwater to parts of the Southern Ocean that are distant from the Antarctic continent. Accordingly, studying the temporal and spatial distribution of icebergs can provide insights related to the hydrology, ecology, and even the impacts of global climate change across the Southern Ocean. Extracting the iceberg area distribution from remotely sense imagery provides a data basis for such investigations. Using Google Earth Engine, the image dataset of ESA Sentinel-1 SAR images from August 2015 to August 2020 were synthesized. After block resampling, downloading, and splicing, a mosaic map of 400 km around the South Pole within 3 days in winter was obtained; a binary image was then obtained using the grid analysis function, and the area and perimeter of each iceberg was extracted by using data conversion and geometric calculation functions. The results show that many Antarctic icebergs are concentrated within 50 km of the coastline, of which ultra-small icebergs account for nearly 50%. As such, small icebergs may play an important role in the input of fresh water in Antarctica. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）