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Progress and Prospects of Chinese Antarctic Medical Research Chengli Xu Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 486-495.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240040 Abstract （1177）      PDF（pc） （383KB）（489）       Knowledge map    Save Antarctica is one of the places with the most extreme climates on Earth. How humans survive and adapt to the extreme environments in Antarctica is the main focus of Antarctic medical research. This review focuses on the progress of Chinese Antarctic medical research, the selection of expeditioners, and the formulation of relevant standards during the recent 20 years. The main achievements are as follows: 1) Under the condition of Antarctic overwintering, expeditioners may experience desynchronization of circadian rhythm, sleep disruptions, immune-neuroendocrine network dysregulation, and increased negative moods; 2) Under the environment of Antarctic inland, expeditioners may occur acute altitude sickness (AMS), decreased cardiovascular and pulmonary function, sleep disorders, and increased negative moods, such as fatigue; 3) Low blood oxygen saturation, increased AMS scores, cardiac conduction block, and increased negative moods are sensitive indicators for identifying hypoxia susceptible pre-selected inland expeditioners; 4) The only national industry standard for polar medicine, “The requirements of pre-departure physical examination for polar expeditioners”(HY/T 236-2018), was formulated, which provides key technical support for the scientific and standardized selection of expeditioners. In the future, we should continue to study the physiological and pathological changes and mechanisms of stress, adaptation, compensation, and injury of Chinese Antarctic expeditioners under extreme environments, providing scientific suggestions for the selection, adaptation, protection, station management, and related policy formulation of expeditioners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The progress and prospect on the 40th anniversary of Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Expeditions LIU Shunlin Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 317-328.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240079 Abstract （1003）      PDF（pc） （409KB）（1783）       Knowledge map    Save Scientific research plays an important role in enhancing polar knowledge, protecting polar environment and ecosystem, rational utilization of polar resources, and promoting the development of polar technology. Since China’s first Antarctic expedition in 1984, the country’s polar scientific research has made breakthrough progress. It has built a polar scientific research support platform which contains 7 research stations and 2 research vessels, constructed an atmosphere-land-ocean polar observation network, developed multiple sets of sampling equipment such as polar deep ice core drilling tools, organized and implemented polar projects such as “Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation of the Arctic and Antarctic Environment”, and achieved research results in multiple fields such as the instability of polar ice caps and their response to global change. It has successfully implemented international cooperation projects such as “The Prydz Bay, Amery Ice Shelf and Dome A Observatories” (PANDA). In the future, we should further improve the polar scientific research platform, enhance the long-term observation and monitoring capabilities of the Antarctic ice sheet and the central Arctic Ocean, carry out major polar scientific research activities such as drilling of the Antarctic subglacial lake, promote the international cooperation utilizing the scientific research platforms such as the marine laboratory at Antarctic Qinling Station, and make greater contributions to understanding, protecting, and utilizing the polar regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review of core drilling technology for subglacial bedrock in polar regions LI Yazhou, YANG Gansheng, ZHANG Kai, LI Bing, WANG Zufan, HUANG Ruozhou Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (4): 518-543.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230005 Abstract （924）      PDF（pc） （17986KB）（556）       Knowledge map    Save Core drilling technology for subglacial bedrock is an important means to study glaciology, palaeoclimatology and geology in polar regions. Cable-suspended electromechanical drills and rotary core drill rigs have been successfully used in subglacial bedrock coring drilling; however, use of cable-suspended electromechanical drills involves the technical challenges of drilling in hard rock and inefficient discharge of cuttings from the borehole, and for the rotary core drill rigs there are the difficulties with drilling-fluid leakage in firn and hydraulic fracturing in ice. In addition, the existing rotary core drill rigs are heavy and have a simple function. Coring drilling of subglacial bedrock in polar regions involves additional technical challenges, such as difficulty in drilling warm and debris-rich ice, borehole melting caused by heat produced in bedrock drilling, insufficient capacity of low-density drilling fluid to carry cuttings, and existing meltwater at the ice-rock interface. In this paper, based on the literature research on subglacial bedrock core drilling technologies in recent decades, the application conditions and the advantages and disadvantages of various drilling methods are systematically reviewed, and a technical optimization scheme is proposed to provide technical guidance for the implementation of subglacial bedrock core drilling projects. In the future, it will be necessary to further improve the existing subglacial bedrock core drilling technology that makes use of cable-suspended electromechanical drills and rotary core drill rigs, and to develop coiled tubing core drilling technology and the rapid air ice drilling technology. In general, there are still many disadvantages in the current technologies of subglacial bedrock core drilling. In the future, it is necessary to further develop the subglacial bedrock core drilling technology that will need to be further developed to promote the development of polar science. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The collection, research and prospect of Antarctic meteorites in China XIA Zhipeng, YANG Dongliang, WANG Xiaorui, ZHANG Chuantong, CHEN Hongyi, MIAO Bingkui Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 454-472.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240041 Abstract （542）      PDF（pc） （22004KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Save Meteorites are not only the link between the Earth and the universe, but also the key to unlocking the history of the solar system and exploring the evolution of the universe. As a key link between the Earth and the universe, meteorites are of great significance in revealing the history of the solar system and the evolution of the universe. Antarctica's unique geographical conditions and ice environment make it the region with the most meteorites found in the world.Antarctica's unique geographical and climatic conditions make it the region with the most meteorite discoveries in the world. Since the first meteorite-rich area was discovered in 1998 at Grove Mountain, China has collected 12,665 meteorites, ranking third in the global collection of Antarctic meteorites. This paper summarizes the history of meteorite discovery in Antarctica, reveals the uniqueness of meteorite concentration on the ice sheet, integrates the achievements of meteorite collection in Grove Mountain in China, and discusses the classification of meteorites and the latest research progress. While reviewing the achievements, challenges such as decreasing collection efficiency and limitation of enrichment area are also explored. Finally, in the face of the rapid development of planetary science and the good opportunity of the completion of China's Qinling Station, this paper puts forward some ideas for the future, including the establishment of an Antarctic meteorite investigation team, using Qinling Station and Zhongshan Station as logistical support bases, carrying out a comprehensive investigation of the TransAntarctic Mountains and Prince Charles Mountain meteorites, and strengthening the coordinated development of scientific research and science popularization of Antarctic meteorites. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in the research, development, and application of polar science and engineering technology equipment in China WANG Shuoren, LIAO Zhouxin, GUO Jingxue, CHEN Qingman, TANG Shuaishuai, HE Jianfeng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 473-485.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240043 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （761KB）（1139）       Knowledge map    Save Polar science and engineering technology equipment plays a significant role in the development of polar science and technology, impacting not only polar scientific research and resource utilization but also a nation's security, international standing, and sustainable development. In the context of continuous technological advancements and an increasingly complex international polar situation, the research, development, and application of polar science and engineering technology in China have become particularly important and urgent. This paper comprehensively reviews the development process and latest achievements in the research, development, and application of scientific exploration technology equipment and engineering technology equipment over the past 40 years of China's polar research. It analyzes the current status of China's polar engineering technology equipment development, its gaps with the world's advanced level, and existing issues. This paper also focuses on the problems existing in China's polar scientific research and exploration technology, heavy icebreaker technology, polar aviation technology, and communication and navigation technology. It proposes suggestions such as promoting major polar projects and grand scientific plans, building a collaborative innovation platform, strengthening key technology innovation and research and development, constructing polar testing grounds, improving standardized technical systems, and promoting industrial development. The aim is to rapidly develop and gradually surpass the world's advanced level in the research, development, and application of polar science and engineering technology equipment, better serving China's polar cause development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on polar marine microorganisms in China ZHANG Xiying, ZHANG Yuzhong Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 352-360.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240050 Abstract （423）      PDF（pc） （329KB）（411）       Knowledge map    Save Polar marine environments contain rich microbial resources, and their unique life characteristics and special mechanisms for adapting to extreme environments and ecological effects all have important scientific research significance and application development prospects. Reviewing research of China in the field of polar marine microorganisms in the past decade, major progress includes: (1) the revelation of unique structures and functions of microbial communities and the geographical characteristics of genes related to the DMS/DMSP cycle and cultivable bacterial genomes in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans; (2) the discovery of a new ecological function to resist predation by protozoa by metabolizing DMSP, a new temperature response mechanism, and a new metabolic pathway for chitin oxidation degradation of polar marine bacteria; (3) the revelation of a role of a phage in regulating polar marine bacterial populations; (4) the elucidation of catalytic mechanisms of a series of novel organic matter-degrading enzymes from polar marine bacteria and their application potentials; (5) the establishment of processes for preparing an extracellular polysaccharide from a polar marine bacterium and the evaluation of its application potential in fields such as medicine and food; (6) the isolation and identification of a series of polar marine bacterial taxa. These research findings have been published in internationally renowned journals such as Nature Microbiology, Nature Communications, Microbiome, and ISME Journal, elevating the level, impact and voice of China’s research on polar marine microorganisms. In the future, strengthening interdisciplinary research and the application of cutting-edge technologies will be the direction to further promote the development of polar marine microbiological research in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development status, challenges and coping strategies of marine communication in the Arctic Passage LIN Bin, WANG Haocheng, WANG Shuoren Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (4): 704-713.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230001 Abstract （391）      PDF（pc） （2943KB）（365）       Knowledge map    Save To assess the problems of marine communication in the Arctic Passage and provide a precis of coping strategies, this paper summarizes and analyzes the relevant information and literature on the development status and challenges of Arctic Passage marine communication. Currently, the main methods of marine communication in the Arctic Passage are shore-based wireless communication and satellite communication; however, the deployment of both is not yet perfect and the service is limited. Marine communication in the Arctic Passage faces many challenges from insufficient shore-based wireless communication service coverage, imperfect navigation information security systems, limited satellite elevation angles, atmospheric attenuation of signal energy and increased difficulty of communication due to harsh climate environment. This paper argues that strengthening the construction of the Arctic communication capacity by constructing coastal radio stations, expanding the coverage of Arctic satellite communication services, and improving the integrated service system of Arctic navigation security can be potential solutions to the issues of marine communication in the Arctic Passage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the surface mass balance over the Greenland ice sheet based on regional climate model RACMO2.3 HUAI Baojuan, DING Minghu, ZHANG Qinglin, SUN Weijun, ZHANG Wuying, CHE Jiahang, KANG Limin Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (4): 591-607.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230019 Abstract （385）      PDF（pc） （18943KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) change consists of discharge and surface mass balance (SMB), and SMB is the net of mass income and expenditure at the ice sheet surface, dominating recent GrIS mass loss. In this study, we analyzed the detailed change of SMB and its components over the GrIS from 1958 to 2022, using monthly SMB data (1 km) from regional climate model RACMO2.3 p2 developed by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. The results show that (1) the multi-year average SMB integrated by the GrIS is 366.8 Gt·a–1, with obvious regional SMB differences. The central part of the edge of the west GrIS is the main strong ablation area (SMB<-1600 mm w.e.·a–1). The high precipitation characteristics of the southeast GrIS lead to high mass accumulation in the accumulation area, especially in the edge of the ice sheet with SMB over 3200 mm w.e.·a–1; (2) Seasonally, the summer SMB is dominated by negative balance at the ice sheet scale, and precipitation accumulation in winter shows a decreasing pattern from coastal to inland and from south to north; The main melt season starts in May and peaks in July (SMB=-123.8 Gt); (3) The interannual variations of net SMB over the GrIS was large during 1958 to 2022. The precipitation dominated the SMB changes before the 1990s. There was a significant negative trend (-48.7 Gt·(10 a)–2, p<0.05) post-1990, caused by the increase of runoff; (4) Spatially, there is a generally negative trend in SMB in the ice sheet melt zone during the study period (<-80 mm w.e.·(10 a)–2, p<0.05), due to increased surface melt and reduced refreezing. The SMB change in the southeast GrIS was forced by precipitation change. The SMB over the GrIS is significantly influenced by large-scale circulation anomalies, radiation, albedo, and ocean. Under the background of future warming, the negative trend of SMB on the GrIS will be more significant, which will induce sea level rise and should be paid more attention to.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress of CHINARE on the pattern of Antarctic marine biogenic elements and their ecological and environmental effects PAN Jianming, ZHAO Jun, LI Dong, ZHANG Haifeng, YU Peisong, ZHANG Cai, YANG Xufeng, ZHU Changfeng1, HU Ji1, HU Chuanyu, FAN Gaojing, HAN Zhengbing1, SUN Weiping, TAO Keyu, LAN Musheng, ZHANG Haisheng Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 329-342.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240033 Abstract （356）      PDF（pc） （6753KB）（704）       Knowledge map    Save The investigation of patterns of biogenic elements in the Antarctic marine environment and their ecological and environmental effects is crucial for understanding global climate change, carbon cycling, and interactions within ecosystems. It also provides a scientific foundation for predicting the evolutionary patterns of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Since inaugural Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) in 1984, extensive surveys of the Southern Ocean have been conducted over the years. By utilizing national initiatives such as the “Chinese Pole Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programmes” and the “Impact and Response of Antarctic Seas to Climate Change”, continuous and methodical research has been carried out on critical scientific matters concerning the development of the Southern Ocean ecosystem and its environmental components, leading to significant discoveries. This review article examines the Chinese research advancements related to the distribution of marine biogenic elements in the Southern Ocean and their ecological and environmental impacts. It primarily synthesizes research outcomes on the interrelationship between marine biogenic element cycling and planktonic ecosystems, the flux of biogenic material deposition and its seasonal variations, and sedimentary records of upper ocean processes. The ecological processes of Antarctic polynyas and their responses to global climate change are preliminaries discussed. Some suggestions are put forward for the future ecology and environment investigation in the Southern Ocean. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research and perspectives on anthropogenic carbon dioxide uptake, distribution, storage and transport in the Southern Ocean ZHANG Shuang, QI Di, WU Yingxu, WANG Bingbing, CHEN Liqi Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 391-405.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240027 Abstract （340）      PDF（pc） （8056KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save The Southern Ocean has the potential to uptake as much as 40% of the global ocean's carbon, but this estimate is uncertain due to the lack of systematic knowledge of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, distribution, storage, and transportation. This paper summarises research on carbon uptake, storage, and transport in the Southern Ocean, based on domestic and international databases and studies. It explores the carbon source and sink patterns in the open ocean and nearshore areas of the Southern Ocean in terms of CO2 fluxes at the sea-air interface and the distribution, storage, and transport of anthropogenic CO2 within the ocean. The paper also examines the reasons for the discrepancy between the current carbon sink model and the measured data in the Southern Ocean, as well as the uncertainty of the estimation of carbon source and sink strengths in the seasonal ice zone. Additionally, it evaluates the advantages and shortcomings of relevant methods for calculating anthropogenic carbon and the main transport mechanisms affecting the anthropogenic carbon inventory. This paper aims to enhance comprehension of sea-air CO2 fluxes, source-sink variability, and export processes in the Southern Ocean. This will aid in more precise estimations of the carbon sinks in the Southern Ocean and the global ocean. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current status and demand analysis of polar microbial resources research and development LIAO Li, SHAN Yanyan, YU Yong, QIN Qilong, LI Chunyang Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 361-374.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240031 Abstract （327）      PDF（pc） （657KB）（585）       Knowledge map    Save Polar regions, due to their extreme natural environments and relative geographic isolation, have evolved unique and diverse microbial resources. Polar microbes harbor the secrets of life’s tolerance to extreme environments and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles. Their research can provide valuable insights for life sciences, geology, astrobiology, and other fields, making them scientifically significant. Meanwhile, the novel species, genes, and products of polar microbes constitute an important component of polar natural resources and are strategically important for sustainable utilization, possessing practical economic value and social benefits. Based on detailed scientific data, literature reports, patents, case studies, and international investment analysis, this study profoundly elucidates the importance of polar microbial research, summarizes the trends and needs in polar microbial research and development, and puts forward corresponding research and development suggestions. The results of this study can provide a reference for the layout of research, policies, and projects related to polar microbial resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration and study of ice-sea-seafloor multi-layer interaction on the Ross Sea continental shelf, Antarctica GAO Jinyao, CHEN Yankun, DONG Chao, LI Ruixiang, LIU Tongmu, CAI Xiaoxian, YUE Mei, LI Na, WANG Qisen Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 421-437.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240042 Abstract （311）      PDF（pc） （35185KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save Focusing on the glacial advance and retreat history in the Ross Sea, and from the perspective of multi-layer interaction, this paper analyzes and summarizes the exploration status and research understanding on the West Antartic Rift System, cold and warm water exchange channels, various disastrous external forces affecting on the Ross Ice Shelf, and distribution of benthos or activities of mammals. The tectonic, volcanic and magmatic activities in the Ross Sea and its surrounding areas are the most active in the Antarctic plate, and their direct influence on the advance and retreat of ancient ice sheets on the shelf and the dynamic balance of the modern ice shelf has been rarely studied, but the sedimentary structure, outward growth and topography/geomorphology of the shelf display strong glacial-geological processes. The current dynamic balance of the Ross Ice Shelf and the distribution law of cold water corals and other benthic organisms are closely related to the exchange of mass and heat between the Modified Circumpolar Deep Water and the cold Antarctic Bottom Water along the three major ice erosion troughs. Meanwhile, the monitoring of seismographs laid by the United States on the Ross Ice Shelf and hydrophones deployed by South Korea offshore of the Terra Nova Bay shows that the mechanical effects of earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and storms from the Pacific Ocean on the Ross Ice Shelf can not be underestimated. Viewing from the glacial advance and retreat history or the current ice shelf openness, the exploration and research of the outer Ross Sea shelf and its shoulder and slope is still basically blank In order to dissect the adjustment mechanisms for both the advance and retreat of ancient ice sheets on the shelf and the dynamic balance of the Ross Ice Shelf at present, it is suggested that China should strengthen the multidisciplinary survey, observation and monitoring in this region, and carry out long-term observation of subsurface buoy and OBS along the three major ice erosion troughs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Isotopic insights into the operation and mechanisms of biological pumps in polar oceans CHEN Min, FAN Lingfang, WANG Bo, CHEN Yangjun, ZHANG Run, FANG Ziming, YANG Weifeng, ZHENG Minfang, CHEN Mengya Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 343-351.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240026 Abstract （303）      PDF（pc） （2281KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save The biological pump is one of the important pathways for the net absorption of atmospheric CO2 and is also a key linkage between the upper ocean and benthic ecosystems in the polar oceans. This article summarizes the research on biological pumps carried out systematically in the Prydz Bay, Amundsen Sea, Cosmonaut Sea, Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Canada Basin, and other Arctic and Antarctic seas in the past 10 years by utilizing the unique functions of radionuclides and stable isotopes. These studies depicted the dynamic characteristics and spatial variation of processes such as biological uptake of carbon, export of particulate organic carbon, degradation of organic matter, regeneration of nutrients, and burial of sedimentary organic matter. In addition, the effects of environmental factors such as freshwater components, particle concentration, and trace Fe on the biological pump were also explored. Our study found that freshwater components, such as sea ice meltwater, glacier meltwater/river water, etc., affect the spatial variation of carbon fixation rate, Fe uptake rate, and POC export flux by changing water stratification, light availability, and nutrient supply; organic matter degradation and nitrification dominate the nutrient regeneration; and the formation of Antarctic bottom water and the cross-shelf transport of particulate matter affect the surface-bottom coupling of biological pumps. Facing the dual pressures of future climate change and human activities, it is urgent to strengthen research on the interaction between biological pumps and food webs to accurately grasp the laws and mechanisms of changes in polar marine ecosystems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The interaction processes and mechanisms between the Southern Ocean and the tropical Pacific during glacial cycles XIONG Zhifang, WANG Jiakai, QIN Bingbin, GUO Jingteng, LI Tiegang Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 438-453.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240055 Abstract （276）      PDF（pc） （7214KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save The overturning circulation of the Southern Ocean (SO) drives the exchange of water masses between high and low latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Concurrently, the tropical Pacific serves as a crucial source of global water vapor and heat, influencing key processes such as the Hadley and Walker circulations and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These processes effectively transport heat from tropical regions to higher latitudes and foster interactions between atmospheric circulations across the SH on interannual to decadal timescales. During glacial cycles, complex interactions between oceanic and atmospheric circulations are evident between the tropical Pacific and the SO, involving significant exchanges of matter and energy that impact global climate change. High-latitude ice and sediment cores’ records have extensively documented the evolution of sea surface temperatures and sea ice of SO, as well as Antarctic precipitation influenced by ENSO-like processes during glacial cycles. Meanwhile, tropical sediment core records indicate that subsurface warming of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during these cycles results from excess heat from the SO being transported northwards via shallow overturning cell and subtropical circulations. These records not only support the notion that enhanced SO circulation affects biogeochemical cycles and material exchanges in low-latitude oceans but also suggest that glacial cycle-induced warming of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool could trigger ENSO-like changes, dominating tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation patterns and impacting SO atmospheric circulation. However, due to the limited paleoceanographic records of tropical teleconnections across multiple timescales, significant uncertainties remain in understanding and assessing the interaction processes and mechanisms between the SO and the tropical Pacific. Therefore, ongoing investigations and analyses of multi-proxy circum-Antarctic sediment cores are essential to provide more accurate environmental change parameters for tropical teleconnection climate models, thereby reducing these uncertainties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Briefing of the 40th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition ZHANG Beichen Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 496-497.   Abstract （272）      PDF（pc） （2417KB）（381）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The nutritional composition of six groups of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Amundsen Sea#br# LI Lizhen, HUANG Hongliang, YANG Jialiang, LI lingzhi, JI Qun, HAN Xulei, SONG Wei Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (4): 580-590.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240035 Abstract （272）      PDF（pc） （1093KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Save Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a well-recognized source of high-quality protein, which has high utilization value in the pharmaceutical chemical industry and as food and aquaculture feed. However, few studies involving comparative analysis of nutrients in different groups of Antarctic krill have been reported. To understand the nutritional composition of Antarctic krill, the levels of general nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements in six different groups of Antarctic krill from the Amundsen Sea were determined by biochemical analysis. There were significant differences in water, ash, crude protein and carbohydrate contents among some Antarctic krill groups, and there were significant differences in crude fat content among the six groups (P<0.05). In addition, in all six groups of Antarctic krill, cystine was not detected among eighteen common amino acids. The total amino acid content and essential amino acid content were the highest in the A11-03 group. The amino acid score and chemical score of essential amino acids in the six groups were both less than 1. The number of fatty acids detected in the A11-03, RA4-06, RA1-02, RA1-00, RA2-02 and RA3-03 groups was 24, 21, 20, 20, 18 and 17, respectively. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was the highest in the RA4-06 group. The six groups were rich in mineral elements, and the contents of major elements and trace elements were significantly different among different groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the six Antarctic krill groups contained high levels of protein and high unsaturated fatty acids. The nutritional value of the RA4-06 and A11-03 groups was significantly different from that of the other four groups, and the RA2-02, RA1-02, RA3-03 and RA1-00 groups exhibited similar nutritional value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction of Chinese Antarctic Qinling Station ZHU He, WEI Fuhai Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 498-501.   Abstract （264）      PDF（pc） （7008KB）（220）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Change and Trend of Atmospheric Energy in the Arctic Troposphere KONG Linlin, ZOU Han, ZHOU Libo Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (3): 375-390.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240039 Abstract （261）      PDF（pc） （2766KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save Under the Arctic rapid changes, the increases of temperature and humidity in the Arctic troposphere indicate a possible basic state change of the Arctic troposphere. As a measure of basic atmospheric state, whether and how atmospheric energy changes in the Arctic troposphere is an important scientific issue to Arctic researchers. Based on a brief review of the studies on surface-air energy exchange, lateral boundary energy exchange and atmospheric energy change in the Arctic troposphere, the physical images and basic data of atmospheric energy change and trend in the Arctic troposphere are given. The above studies show that: (1) The increases of surface energy transfer and summer lateral boundary energy transport to the Arctic troposphere provide a further clue to possible increase of the Arctic tropospheric energy; (2) Most recent study based on reanalysis data clarifies the fact that in past decades, the atmospheric energy in the Arctic troposphere was increasing, and therefore the basic state of atmosphere was changing significantly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation of multi-source Arctic sea ice thickness data products LI Tongtong, WANG Yangjun, WU Hongqian, LIU Kefeng, CHEN Xi, LI Ming, LI Hongchen Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (4): 607-624.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230038 Abstract （253）      PDF（pc） （8487KB）（152）       Knowledge map    Save The study of Arctic sea ice thickness is of significant importance for understanding global climate change and exploring Arctic shipping routes. While satellite remote sensing and numerical simulation techniques have been widely employed in sea ice thickness studies, there are significant spatiotemporal discrepancies among various sea ice thickness data products, unlike the research on sea ice concentration. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive quality assessment framework for sea ice thickness data products to objectively and quantitatively evaluate their accuracy and applicability. The framework extracts digital statistical features, local spatial distributions, and temporal variation pattern of different sea ice thickness products from 2010 to 2020, constructing nine evaluation indicators. Through comparative analysis with observed data, multidimensional quantitative evaluation of sea ice thickness products is achieved. The results indicate that: (1) CryoSat-2 and SMOS (CS2SMOS) products excel in five indicators, including statistical feature correlation, spatial structure similarity, interannual variation deviation, monthly change correlation, and monthly change deviation; (2) PIOMAS product best reflects the temporal characteristics of sea ice thickness during the winter half-year and exhibits optimal interannual variation correlation; (3) CPOM product performs best in three indicators, including feature statistical deviation, spatial distribution correlation, and spatial distribution deviation. The research findings can be used for the fusion of sea ice thickness data products, enabling the objective and reliable weighting of different sea ice thickness data products in different spatiotemporal contexts, thereby enhancing the objectivity and reliability of sea ice thickness data product fusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A study of Arctic security cooperation between the United States and the Nordic countries#br# Du xiaojie Chinese Journal of Polar Research    2024, 36 (4): 680-693.   DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230025 Abstract （241）      PDF（pc） （367KB）（226）       Knowledge map    Save Against the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the intensification of great power rivalries,the successive accession of Finland and Sweden to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has radically changed the security landscape in Europe and the Arctic region The Arctic security cooperation between the United States and the Nordic countries has become increasingly close. Looking back at the history of Arctic security cooperation between the US and the Nordic countries, the security cooperation between the two sides in the Arctic region has shown characteristics such as multi-grade cooperation led by the US, multi-field cooperation with military cooperation as the focus, and the construction of a multi-dimensional and compounded cooperation mechanism based on bilateral cooperation. In general, the US Arctic security cooperation with the Nordic countries is mainly affected by the interactions between the US, the five Nordic countries, and the relevant third-party subjects such as Russia; the degree of fit between the US and the Nordic countries’ Arctic policy issues, the effectiveness of the Arctic governance mechanism; and other factors. At present, common identity and threat perceptions have laid the foundation for Arctic security cooperation between the US and the Nordic countries, and the security cooperation between the US and the Nordic countries in the Arctic region will increase in the future with the“NATO flag”already planted all over the Nordic countries. However, there are also differences between the US and the Nordic countries in terms of pursuit of power, issue selection and strategic means in the Arctic region, and the Arctic security cooperation between the two sides is still uncertain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）