Abstract: In 1920, the Spitsbergen Treaty granted the sovereignty of Svalbard to Norway and gave the contracting states the rights to engage in economic activities such as fishing, hunting, and mining in Svalbard. Since the Treaty came into force, the Norwegian government has enacted laws and regulations to strengthen the management of economic activities in Svalbard, gradually nationalized the land and important businesses on the island, promoted the general economic activities of Norwegian companies and citizens, and planned its mainland economic development blueprint of Svalbard. This paper attempts to clarify the institutional arrangement of economic rights and interests of the Spitsbergen Treaty and Norway's associated policies from the three perspectives of history, policy, and practice. It also seeks to provide a useful reference for Chinese citizens to potentially carry out economic activities in Svalbard in the future.

Key words: Spitsbergen Treaty, economic rights and interests, Norway, Arctic