极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 586-595.DOI: 10. 13679/j.jdyj.20200004

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

eDNA技术在极地水环境中的应用进展

刘梦月1,2  赵文玉1,2   

  1. 1.湖南省水生资源食品加工工程技术研究中心, 长沙理工大学化学与食品工程学院, 湖南 长沙 410004;
    2.洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室, 长沙理工大学水利工程学院, 湖南 长沙 410004

  • 收稿日期:2020-01-08 修回日期:2020-01-18 出版日期:2020-12-30 发布日期:2020-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 赵文玉
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省科技创新项目重点研发计划(2018SK2011)、洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室开放基金(2018DT02)、湖南省水生资源食品加工工程技术研究中心开放基金(2018KJY11)资助

Progress of application of eDNA technology in polar water environments

Liu Mengyue1,2, Zhao Wenyu1,2   

  1. 1. Aquatic Resources Food Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
    2.Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China

  • Received:2020-01-08 Revised:2020-01-18 Online:2020-12-30 Published:2020-12-24

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摘要：

应用环境DNA(eDNA)技术高效准确地完成极地水生态系统(极区大洋, 近岸海域及湖泊、溪流等)中生物的物种鉴别、多样性分析等研究工作, 对开发极地地区生物资源、预测全球水生态系统变化趋势和平衡稳定和研究极端生境生态学问题等具有重要价值。近年来, eDNA技术发展迅速, 有效地改进了传统方法在水生态系统研究中的缺点, 提高了对水生生物的调查工作的效率。文章综述了eDNA技术对极地水环境中的鱼类、底栖生物、浮游生物、浮游细菌、病毒等水生生物的生物多样性分析、物种鉴定、种群结构分析及生态学等方面研究的应用进展。eDNA技术作为一种新兴的生物调查方法, 有能力加速更新分子时代的现代生物多样性调查的方法, 在研究极地水生生物多样性上具有极大的前景。

关键词: eDNA, 极地, 水环境, 水生生物, 生物多样性

Abstract:

Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has been applied to efficiently and accurately carry out research works involving species identification and diversity analysis of organisms in polar aquatic ecosystems (such as polar oceans, coastal waters, lakes, and streams). This is of great value for the development of biological resources in polar region, prediction of changes in the balance and stability of global aquatic ecosystems, and research on ecological issues in extreme habitats. In recent years, eDNA technology has developed rapidly, effectively addressing the disadvantages of traditional methods in the study of aquatic ecosystems, and improving the investigation of aquatic animals. This review describes progress in the application of eDNA technology in biodiversity analysis, species identification, population structure analysis, and other ecological research on aquatic organisms such as fish, benthic organisms, plankton, and viruses in polar aquatic environments. As a new biological survey method, eDNA technology can drastically accelerate the updating of modern biodiversity methodologies in the current molecular era, and has infinite prospects in polar aquatic biodiversity research.

Key words: eDNA, polar, water environment, aquatic organism, biodiversity