极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 612-620.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20200077

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

极地海洋病毒宏基因组研究进展

周莘皓1,梁彦韬1,Andrew McMinn1,2,汪岷1   

  1. 1中国海洋大学, 海洋生命学院, 海洋生物多样性与进化研究所, 极地海洋过程与全球海洋变化重点实验室, 深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心, 山东 青岛 266003;
    2塔斯马尼亚大学海洋与南极研究所, 澳大利亚 霍巴特 7001
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-03 修回日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家实验室项目(2018SDKJ0406-6)、国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406704)、中央高校基本业务费(201812002, 202072002)、国家自然科学基金(41976117, 42120104006, 42176111)、国家海洋局极地考察办公室项目(RFSOCC2020-2025)

Progress of metagenomic analysis of marine viromes in polar regions

Zhou Xinhao1, Liang Yantao1, Andrew McMinn1,2, Wang Min1   

  1. 1Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
    2 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
  • Received:2020-12-03 Revised:2021-01-05 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2021-12-16

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摘要： 两极占据地球生物圈表面积的14%, 共同组成了地球上独特的冰冻生物圈。南极是被南大洋包围着的巨大大陆, 受南极绕极流所影响。而北极则是由欧、亚、北美三洲大陆包围着的北冰洋以及大量分散的岛屿所组成。极地海洋生物圈主要包括海水、海冰两大生态系统, 而海冰是在两极地区存在的一个独特的生态系统。极地的海洋、海冰、冰下湖泊等环境中包含了大量的未知病毒和作为其主要宿主的微生物群落, 是全球生物地球化学循环重要驱动力之一。本文对近十年来在南北极海洋环境中病毒多样性的研究进展进行综述, 其中大多数的病毒多样性是随着宏基因组学技术的进步而被人所知的。目前对极地海洋双链DNA病毒组已有较好的认识, 而对单链DNA病毒组和RNA病毒组的认识还非常有限。总体来说, 对于极地海洋病毒认识还处在初级阶段, 仍然存在大量未知的科学问题等待我们去探索。

关键词: 极地, 海洋, 海冰, 病毒, 多样性, 宏基因组

Abstract: The two poles occupy 14% of the surface area of the Earth’s biosphere, and together form the unique frozen cryosphere on Earth. Antarctica is an extremely large continent surrounded by the Southern Ocean, affected by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. In contrast, the Arctic is composed of the Arctic Ocean surrounded by continents of Europe, Asia, and North America, and many scattered islands. The polar marine biosphere mainly includes two ecosystems: sea water and sea ice; sea ice is a unique ecosystem that exists in the polar regions. The polar oceans, sea ice, subglacial lakes and other environments contain many unknown viruses and their host microbial communities, which are an important driving force of global biogeochemical cycles. This article reviews the progress of viral diversity in the marine environments of the Arctic and Antarctica over the past two decades, which has been mainly unveiled by metagenomic technology. To date, our knowledge of dsDNA viromes has been significantly improved, however, our knowledge of ssDNA and RNA viromes is still very limited in polar marine environments. In general, our understanding of polar marine viruses is still in its infancy, and many novel scientific issues related to polar marine viruses need to be studied in more detail.

Key words: polar region, ocean, sea ice, virus, diversity, metagenomics