极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 337-350.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20200051

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

北斗三号系统在环南极地区的信号质量与基本定位服务性能分析

赵建1 ，安家春1 ，艾松涛1 ，王泽民1 ，朱李忠2 ，宋翔宇1,3,4   

  1. 1武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430079; 
    2黑龙江测绘地理信息局极地测绘工程中心, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081; 
    3石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院, 河北 石家庄 050043; 
    4道路与铁道工程安全保障省部共建教育部重点实验室(石家庄铁道大学), 河北 石家庄 050043
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-30 修回日期:2020-09-20 接受日期:2020-09-25 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-10-12
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（41531069），国家级--国家自然科学基金（41941010）

Analysis of BDS-3 signal quality and basic positioning service around Antarctica

Zhao Jian1, An Jiachun1, Ai Songtao1, Wang Zemin1, Zhu Lizhong2, Song Xiangyu1,3,4   

  1. 1Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    2Polar Surveying and Mapping Engineering Center of Heilongjiang Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Harbin 150081, China;
    3School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China;
    4Key Laboratory of Roads and Railway Engineering Safety Control (Shijiazhuang Tiedao University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
  • Received:2020-06-30 Revised:2020-09-20 Accepted:2020-09-25 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-10-12

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摘要： 随着北斗三号卫星定位系统(BDS-3)的逐步建成, 北斗系统的服务范围已从亚太地区扩展到全球, 而极地具有重要的科研、航运等价值, 因此北斗三号在环南极地区的定位性能需要进行全面评估。利用在中山站、长城站以及环南极航行的“雪龙”号上采集的2018—2020年的北斗三号数据, 本文从可见卫星数及位置精度因子、多径值与信噪比、伪距单点定位精度等方面, 分析了BDS在环南极地区的信号质量和定位性能。结果表明: BDS在环南极地区可见卫星数均介于4~20颗之间, 其卫星可见性及位置精度因子优于GPS; BDS的中轨道地球卫星(MEO)多径值与GPS卫星相当, 而BDS的地球同步轨道卫星(GEO)和倾斜地球同步轨道卫星(IGSO)由于在极区的高度角较低, 多径值较大; 在定位精度方面, 环南极地区的BDS伪距单点定位精度在7 m以内, 满足北斗系统的设计要求。尽管北斗三号系统还在逐步完善之中, 但已经解决了高纬度地区卫星可见数较少的问题, 明显提升了定位精度, 其中长城站2020年初的定位精度相对于2019年初已经提升50%。

关键词: 北斗三号, 南极地区, 信号质量, 定位精度

Abstract:

With the complete deployment of satellites, the service of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has expanded from the Asia-Pacific region to the whole world, including polar regions. In this study, GPS and BDS-3 data from 2018 to 2020 were collected at Zhongshan Station, Great Wall Station, and Xuelong icebreaker that sailed around the Antarctica. The signal quality and positioning accuracy of BDS-3 in the Antarctica was assessed with the number of visible satellites, position dilution of precision, multipath error and signal-to-noise ratio, and standard point positioning accuracy. The results show that the number of BDS satellites visible in the Antarctica is between 4 and 20, and the satellite visibility and position dilution of precision of BDS in the Antarctica are better than those of GPS. The Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) multipath errors of BDS satellites are similar to those of GPS satellites, while the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) and Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites of BDS have large multipath error due to their low elevations in the polar region. In terms of positioning accuracy, the standard point positioning accuracy of BDS in the Antarctica is within 7 m, which meets the design requirements of BDS. Although BDS-3 constellation is still being updated, it has solved the problem of limited number of visible satellites in high latitudes and has significantly improved the positioning performance. The positioning accuracy of BDS at Great Wall Station at the beginning of 2020 was improved by 50% compared to that at the beginning of 2019.

Key words: BDS-3, Antarctica, signal quality, positioning accuracy