极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 73-83.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240074

所属学科：极地海洋科学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

冰下融水层对海冰融化影响的试验研究

贾治学1, 常晓敏1, 左广宇2, 陈宣豪1, 窦银科2   

  1. 1太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院, 山西 太原 030024;
    2太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院, 山西 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-21 修回日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2026-03-31 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 常晓敏
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划子课题、山西省基础研究计划项目和山西省应用基础研究计划项目资助

Experimental study on the influence of subglacial melting layer on sea ice melting

JIA Zhixue1, CHANG Xiaomin1, ZUO Guangyu2, CHEN Xuanhao1, DOU Yinke2   

  1. 1College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
    2College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
  • Received:2024-08-21 Revised:2025-01-20 Online:2026-03-31 Published:2026-04-27

摘要：

北极夏季海冰正在加速消融, 研究表明, 冰上融池在海冰消融正反馈作用中贡献明显, 而冰下融水层及其对海冰融化影响的研究却较少。本文利用低温实验室模拟极区气温, 开展了10 ℃环境温度下、20 cm和40 cm不同深度冰下淡水层对20 cm厚上覆人工冻结盐水冰融化影响的试验研究, 并对冰—水界面热通量进行了分析。结果表明: (1)淡水层深度越深, 盐水冰融化越快, 在实验室条件下, 20 cm深度的淡水层对应的盐水冰平均融化速率为0.115 cm·h–1, 40 cm深度的淡水层对应的盐水冰平均融化速率为0.140 cm·h–1, 降幅约17.86%; (2)40 cm深度的淡水层整体平均水温随时间变化较20 cm深度的淡水层更加均匀; (3)20 cm深度的淡水层潜热通量为92.4 J·(s·m2)–1, 40 cm深度的淡水层潜热通量为112.4 J·(s·m2)–1, 降幅约17.8%, 表明融冰过程是由潜热通量主导的。本研究表明, 冰下融水层深度会对上覆海冰融化产生一定影响, 可为深入研究北极海冰融池演化提供支持。

关键词: 冰下融水层, 融化速率, 温度分布, 热通量, 北极海冰

Abstract:

The melting of Arctic summer sea ice is accelerating, and studies have shown that the ice melting pool significantly contributes to the positive feedback effect of sea ice melting. However, there is relatively little research on the ice melting layer and its impact on sea ice melting. This study used a low-temperature laboratory to simulate the temperature in the polar region, and conducted experimental research on the effect of different thicknesses of ice meltwater layers under 20 cm and 40 cm of ice on the melting of overlying artificially frozen 20-cm-thick saline water at an ambient temperature of 10 ℃ The heat flux at the ice water interface was also analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) the depth of the freshwater layer was positively associated with the speed at which the saltwater ice melted. Under laboratory conditions, the average melting rate of the freshwater layer was 0.115 cm·h–1 at a depth of 20 cm and 0.140 cm·h–1 at a depth of 40 cm, resulting in a difference of approximately 17.86%. (2) The overall average water temperature of the freshwater layer at a depth of 40 cm varied more uniformly over time compared with that of the freshwater layer at a depth of 20 cm. (3) The latent heat flux of the freshwater layer was 92.4 J·(s·m2)–1 at a depth of 20 cm and 112.4 J·(s·m2)–1 at a depth of 40 cm, resulting in a difference of approximately 17.8%. The melting process was mainly affected by the latent heat flux. The study findings indicated that the depth of the ice melting layer had a certain impact on the melting of overlying sea ice. This information will provide support for further research on the evolution of Arctic sea ice melting pools.

Key words: melting layer, Arctic sea ice, melting rate, temperature distribution, heat flux