极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 383-392.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20180060

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

白令海峡入流水影响下的楚科奇海海冰面积时空变化特征

邓永飞  高郭平  张瑜  陈长胜   

  1. 上海海洋大学, 海洋科学学院, 上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-18 修回日期:2019-02-27 出版日期:2019-12-30 发布日期:2019-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 高郭平
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB953902)、国家自然科学基金(41276197, 41706210)资助

Temporal-spatial variability of Chukchi Sea ice area under the influence of Bering Strait throughflow

Deng Yongfei, Gao Guoping, Zhang Yu, Chen Changsheng   

  1. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Received:2018-10-18 Revised:2019-02-27 Online:2019-12-30 Published:2019-12-30
  • Contact: Guo-ping GAO

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摘要：

利用美国国家冰雪中心的Bootstrap海冰密集度卫星遥感资料分析1991—2015年楚科奇海海冰覆盖面积的时空变化特征, 并探讨白令海峡入流水对海冰面积变化的作用机制。楚科奇海海冰覆盖面积月距平以0.7%·a–1的速度减小, 从2002年开始维持负距平特征。白令海峡入流水的热通量及其在楚科奇海的环流路径显著影响楚科奇海海冰的时空变化。海冰面积变化与入流水热通量具有高相关性(R= –0.86), 夏季(5—8月)两者的相关性更加显著, 热通量增加对海冰面积显著减小起关键作用。楚科奇海海冰分布减小的区域与白令海峡入流水环流特征和分布关系密切, 5—7月海冰分布在入流水三条主要流动路径上(海渃德海谷、中央通道、巴罗海谷)的季节特征和年际变化最为显著。海冰面积及分布对入流水的响应均有1—2月的滞后。

关键词: 楚科奇海, 海冰, 时空变化, 白令海峡入流水, 热通量, 环流

Abstract:

This study investigates the temporal and spatial variability of sea ice area in the Chukchi Sea from 1991 to 2015 and the impact of Bering Strait Throughflow (BST) using satellite sea ice concentration data obtained from the National Sea and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Results show that the sea ice area of the Chukchi Sea has decreased at a rate of 0.7 %·a–1, and that sea ice cover has maintained a low stand since 2002. The heat flux of the BST, together with its circulation pattern in the Chukchi Sea, has an important influence on the temporal and spatial variation of Chukchi sea ice. Sea ice area is strongly correlated with the throughflow’s heat flux (R=–0.86). Both the correlation and variation rate are most significant in summer (May-August), indicating that the increase of heat flux can explain the reduction in sea ice area. The area where the sea ice concentration reduced most significantly on both seasonal and interannual scales is likewise attributable to the circulation of BST in the Chukchi Sea. Sea ice reduction is most significant in May to July above the three main pathways of the BST (Herald Canyon, Central Channel, Barrow Canyon). Supporting this causal mechanism, both the sea ice area and concentration have a lag response relative to the BST heat flux.

Key words: Chukchi Sea, sea ice area, temporal-spatial variability, Bering Strait throughflow, heat flux, circulation