极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 84-93.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240045

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极宇航员海和阿蒙森海表层沉积物石油污染的判别

魏宇衡1,杨涛2,徐韧3,蓝木盛3   

  1. 1上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306;
    2自然资源部东海生态中心, 上海 201206;
    3中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究所), 上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-25 修回日期:2024-07-05 出版日期:2026-03-31 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 徐韧
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题资助

Identification of oil pollution in surface sediments of the Cosmonauts Sea and the Amundsen Sea in Antarctica

WEI Yuheng1, YANG Tao2, XU Ren3, LAN Musheng3   

  1. 1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2East China Sea Ecological Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 201206, China;
    3Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
  • Received:2024-04-25 Revised:2024-07-05 Online:2026-03-31 Published:2026-04-27

摘要：

南极边缘海被认为是全球最清洁的海洋之一, 但该地区面临着日益严重的石油污染威胁。通过海洋沉积物对罗斯海和普里兹湾等区域石油污染的调查研究相对较多, 而对宇航员海和阿蒙森海的相关研究较少。本研究依托中国第39次南极考察(2022年11月—2023年5月)在宇航员海和阿蒙森海采集的海底表层沉积物, 使用气相色谱-质谱法对总石油烃、多环芳烃含量进行了分析, 同时使用石油污染特征指标对石油污染情况进行了评估。结果表明, 宇航员海、阿蒙森海沉积物的总石油烃浓度分别为26.92~44.52 μg·kg–1和5.32~36.19 μg·kg–1, 宇航员海、阿蒙森海沉积物的多环芳烃含量分别为5.22~13.03 ng·g–1和2.67~ 16.50 ng·g–1。虽然污染物的含量水平很低, 但根据石油污染特征指标的分析结果, 两个海域的沉积物都受到了石油污染影响。本研究一方面验证了石油污染对南极边缘海的威胁, 另一方面也为继续开展相关海域表层沉积物中总石油烃、多环芳烃的深入研究提供本底数据。

关键词: 石油烃, 海洋污染, 沉积物, 宇航员海, 阿蒙森海, 南极

Abstract:

Although the Antarctic marginal sea is considered one of the cleanest oceans in the world, this region still faces the threat of increasing oil pollution. Researchers have conducted more investigations into oil pollution in the marine sediments of areas such as the Ross Sea and Prydz Bay than in the Cosmonauts Sea and the Amundsen Sea. This study analyzed seafloor surface sediment samples collected in the Cosmonauts Sea and the Amundsen Sea during the 39th Chinese Antarctic Expedition from November 2022 to May 2023. The total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the oil pollution was evaluated using characteristic indicators. The total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in seafloor surface sediments was 26.92~44.52 μg·kg–1 in the Cosmonauts Sea and 5.32~36.19 μg·kg–1 in the Amundsen Sea; while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content was 5.22~13.03 ng·g–1 in the Cosmonauts Sea and 2.67~16.50 ng·g–1 in the Amundsen Sea. Although the pollutant content was very low, the analysis of oil pollution characteristic indicators showed that the sediments in both seas were affected by oil pollution. This study not only verified the threat of oil pollution to the Antarctic marginal sea, but also provides background data for further in-depth research on total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments in relevant sea areas.


Key words:

petroleum hydrocarbons, marine pollution, sediments, Cosmonauts Sea, Amundsen Sea, Antarctica