Abstract: International rule-making is part of China’s participation in Arctic governance. Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean undoubtedly represents a milestone for China as this is the first Arctic regional treaty that China has signed since the end of the Cold War. However, China’s participation also highlighted some problems. A gap remains between China and other treaty parties in terms of willingness and capability to participate. China also failed to make full use of related institutions, regimes and organizations. China participates constructively in the making of international rules in the Arctic, and could become a pioneer with a deep engagement in Arctic governance. Therefore, China should strengthen and improve its willingness and capability to participate, make full use of related institutions, regimes and organizations, and show deep engagement in Arctic governance by concluding the treaty.

Key words: China, Arctic governance, Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean, treaty conclusion