ESTIMATION ON CARBON FLUX IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN DURING THE 26TH CHINARE

doi:10.13679/j.jdyj.2014.2.193

Abstract

Abstract: The Southern Ocean is an important sink of atmospheric CO2 and the magnitude of the CO2 sink is heavily disputed because its ability to absorb CO2 changes significantly in the decades. An empirical relationship was deduced based on the in-situ pCO2 in the surface sea water and its main controls including Chla and SST obtained during the 26th CHINARE. An extrapolation model was found combining the empirical relationship and relative remote sensing data to compute the air-sea carbon fluxes and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean (south of 50°S). Results of the extrapolation model show that it was a weak source of atmospheric CO2 in the area from 90°E to 90°W (clockwise), 50°S to 75°S in November, 2009 with an average flux 9.482mol/m2*mon, and carbon release was 0.0017795*1015gC. While in December, 2009, the study area from 90°E to 90°W (clockwise), 50°S to 75°S turned to be a weak sink with an average flux -12.451mol/m2*mon and carbon uptake was 0.026656*1015gC. When the empirical relationship was applied to the whole area from 50°S to 75°S, the results show in November 2009 the Southern Ocean was a source of 0.0027896*1015gC and in December 2009 it was a sink of -0.0035035*1015gC. Compared to the research results before, we found that the ability of carbon uptake decline obviously.

Key words: CHINARE, Southern Ocean, extrapolation model, remote sensing, carbon flux

Xu Suqing, Chen Liqi,Chen Haiying. ESTIMATION ON CARBON FLUX IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN DURING THE 26TH CHINARE[J]. ADVANCES IN POLAR SCIENCE, 2014, 26(2): 193-200.

References

Takahashi T, Sweeney C, Hales B, et al. The changing carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean. Oceanography, 2012, 25(3): 26-37.

Takahashi T, Feely R A, Weiss R F, et al. Global air-sea fluxes of CO2: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO2 difference. Proc. Natl. Acad. .Sci.,1997, 94: 8292-8299.

Takahashi T, Sutherland S C, Sweeney C, et al. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-sea Res. II, 2002, 49: 1601-1622.

Takahashi T, Sutherland S C, Wanninkhof R, et al. Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep Sea Research Part II, 2009, 56: 554-577.

Quay P, Sonnerup R, Westby T, et al. Changes in the 13C/12C of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean as a tracer of anthropogenic CO2 uptake. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2003, 17(1): 1004.

Bender M L, Ho D T, Hendricks M B, et al. Atmospheric O2/N2 changes, 1993–2002: Implications for the partitioning of fossil fuel CO2 sequestration. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2005, 19(4): B4017.

Sabine C L, Feely R A, Gruber N, et al. The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science, 2004, 305: 367–371.

Gruber N, Gloor M, Mikaloff Fletcher S E, et al. Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO2. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2009, 23(1): B1005.

Le Quéré C, Takahashi T, Buitenhuis E T, et al. Impact of climate change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO2. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2010, 24(4): B4007.

Bates N R, Hansell D A, Carlson C A, et al. Distribution of CO2 species, estimates of net community production, and air-sea CO2 exchange in the Ross Sea polynya. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998a, 103(C2): 2883-2896.

Bates N R, Takahashi T, Chipman D W, et al. Variability of pCO2 on diel to seasonal timescales in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998b, 103(C8): 15567-15585.

Barbini R, Fantoni R, Palucci A, et al. Simultaneous measurements of remote lidar chlorophyll and surface CO2 distributions in the Ross Sea. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2003, 24: 3807–3819.

Sweeney C. The annual cycle of surface water CO2 and O2 in the Ross Sea: a model for gas exchange on the continental shelves of Antarctic. Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea. Antarctic Res. Series, 2002, 78: 295-312.

Hales B, Takahashi T. High-resolution biogeochemical investigation of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, during the AESOPS (U. S. JGOFS) Program. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2004, 18(3): B3006.

Chen L, Xu S, Gao Z, et al. Estimation of monthly air-sea CO2 flux in the southern Atlantic and Indian Ocean using in-situ and remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2011, 115(8): 1935-1941.

Wanninkhof R. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992, 97(C5): 7373-7382.

Worby A P, Geiger C A, Paget M J, et al. Thickness distribution of Antarctic sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113(C5): C5S-C92S.

Jiang L, Cai W, Wanninkhof R, et al. Air-sea CO2 fluxes on the U.S. South Atlantic Bight: Spatial and seasonal variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113(C7): C7019.

Arrigo K R, Worthern D, Schnell A, et al. Primary production in Southern Ocean waters. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103(C8): 15587-15600.

Atkinson A, Whitehouse M J, Priddle J, et al. South Georgia, Antarctica: A productive, cold water, pelagic ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2001, 216: 279-308.

Nihashi S, Cavalieri D J. Observational evidence of a hemispheric-wide ice-ocean albedo feedback effect on Antarctic sea-ice decay. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, 111(C12): C12001.

Tans P P, Fung I Y, Takahashi T. Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science, 1990, 247: 1434-1438.

Winguth A M E, Heimann M, Kurz K D, et al. El Nino Southern Oscillation related fluctuations of marine carbon cycle. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 1994, 8: 39-63.

Louanchi F, Hoppema M, Bakker D C E, et al. Modelled and observed sea surface fCO2 in the Southern Ocean: a comparative study. Tellus, 1999a, B51: 541-559.

Louanchi F, Hoppema M. Interannual variations of the Antarctic Ocean CO2 uptake from 1986 to 1994. Marine Chemistry. 2000, 72(2–4): 103-114.

Mcneil B I, Metzl N, Key R M, et al. An empirical estimate of the Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 flux. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2007, 21(3): B3011.

Louanchi F, Ruiz-Pino D P, Poisson A. Temporal variations of mixed-layer oceanic CO2 at JGOFS-KERFIX time-series station: physical versus biogeochemical processes. J. Mar. Res. 1999b, 57: 165-187.

Jeandel C, Ruiz-Pino D, Gjata E, et al. KERFIX, a time-series station in the Southern Ocean: a presentation. Journal of Marine Systems. 1998, 17(1–4): 555-569.

Le Quéré C, R?denbeck C, Buitenhuis E T, et al. Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change. Science, 2007, 316: 1735-1738.

[1]	. Remote Sensing Study On Spatial Distribution of Icebergs Around Antarctica From 2015 To 2020 [J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2022, 34(4): 0-0.
[2]	. STUDY POGRESS ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF BACTERIOPLANKTON IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN [J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2022, 34(4): 0-0.
[3]	Sun Congrong, Diao Ninghui, Han Jingyu, Liu Jinpu, Liu Jianqiang. A multi-region task managing algorithm and application for Haiyang satellite at Arctic Area [J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2022, 34(2): 189-197.
[4]	. Research progress on remote sensing retrieval of chlorophyll a and primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean [J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2022, 34(1): 1-10.
[5]	Ye Yue, Cheng Xiao, Liu Yan, Yang Yuande, Zhao Liyun, Lin Yijing, Qu Yutong. Research progress on ice sheet mass balance in Antarctica and Greenland [J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2020, 32(4): 571-585.
[6]	Wang Jian, Qiu Yubao, Xiong Zhenhua,Yuan Xiping, Zhou Jingtian, Huang Lin, Shi Lijuan. Comparison and verification of remote sensing sea ice concentration products for Arctic shipping regions [J]. , 2020, 32(3): 301-313.
[7]	Chen Kui, Qi Di, Chen Liqi. Review of ocean acidification processes and changing trends in the Southern Ocean [J]. , 2019, 31(4): 473-484.
[8]	Quan Shanyuan, Shi Jiuxin. Study on the long-term variability of Subantarctic and Polar Fronts in austral summer during 1980-2015 [J]. , 2019, 31(3): 231-245.
[9]	Wu Yueyuan, Hou Shugui, Wu Shuangye, Pang Hongxi, Liu Ke, Yu Jinhai. Analysis on spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of net primary productivity in the Southern Ocean [J]. , 2019, 31(3): 322-333.
[10]	Xie Xiaolei, Wei Yongliang, Zhang Yu. Analysis of changes in the Arctic polynya based on AMSR-E remote-sensing data [J]. , 2019, 31(2): 179-190.
[11]	Wu Ningbo. Evaluation and reflection of CCAMLR measures for regulation of IUU fishing [J]. , 2019, 31(1): 103-113.
[12]	Chen Liqi, Wang Jianjun, Zhan Liyang, Qidi, Zhang Miming, Gao Zhongyong, Zhao Shuhui, Yan Jinpei, Zhang Yuanhui, Lin Qi, Xu Suqing, Li Wei, Jiao Liping, Sun Heng, Zhang Jiexia, Lin Hongmei, et al. Progress in Chinese research on marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean [J]. , 2018, 30(3): 221-234.
[13]	Ma Long, Li Zhenhua, Chen Guanwen, Li Yilin. Research on the navigability of the Arctic Northeast Route based on sea ice conditions during the passage of M/V Yong Sheng [J]. , 2018, 30(2): 173-185.
[14]	Liu Yue, Pang Xiaoping, Zhao Xi, Su Chuqin, Ji Qing. Analysis of spatiotemporal variability of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea using passive microwave remote sensing data [J]. , 2018, 30(2): 161-172.
[15]	Pei Chang, Zhou Chunxia, Lei Haobo. Research progress on Antarctic ice sheet grounding line [J]. , 2017, 29(3): 305-313.