极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 644-657.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240012

所属学科：极地生物与生态学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极近海可培养微生物的分离鉴定及产酶菌株的初步筛选

张荷1, 王亚如1, 张蕴潇1, 刘振刚1, 史晓翀1,2   

  1. 1中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 山东 青岛 266003;
    2崂山实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2025-12-30 发布日期:2026-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 史晓翀
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助

Isolation and identification of culturable microorganisms and preliminary screening of enzyme-producing strains in Antarctic offshore

ZHANG He1, WANG Yaru1, ZHANG Yunxiao1, LIU Zhengang1, SHI Xiaochong1,2   

  1. 1College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
    2Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-05-10 Online:2025-12-30 Published:2026-01-12

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摘要： 为探究南极近海可培养微生物的多样性, 本研究利用传统平板培养法, 对在中国第39次南极科学考察期间采自南设得兰群岛周边海域、宇航员海和普里兹湾3个海区共11个站位的海洋沉积物样品进行了细菌分离培养, 共得到882株菌。经16S rRNA基因测序及系统发育分析, 分属于4个门, 5个纲, 54个属, 95种, 其中包括7株疑似新菌。南设得兰群岛周边海域的5个站位共分离得到39个属, 其中, TY14站位优势属为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas), CJW01站位优势属为食纤维菌属(Cellulophaga), DA04A、DA03和DA01站位的优势属均为亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter); 普里兹湾近海的2个站位P1-06和P1-12共分离得到27个属, 优势属为藏红花色杆菌属(Croceibacter); 宇航员海的4个站位CA1-10、C5-09、CD1-11和CA1-09共分离得到22个属, 优势属均为亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)。此外, 选取92种代表性菌株进行胞外酶(包括DNA酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶(吐温20、40和80)、明胶酶、纤维素酶、褐藻胶酶和酪蛋白酶等)活性测定。研究结果表明, 3个海区分离到具有两种或者两种以上酶活性的菌株数占57.61%, 分离得到的细菌绝大多数都有胞外酶活性, 该发现为南极微生物资源的利用和低温酶的开发提供了参考。

关键词: 可培养微生物, 胞外酶, 南设得兰群岛, 宇航员海, 普里兹湾, 南极近海

Abstract: To explore the cultivable microbial diversity in Antarctic offshore, this study employed traditional agar plate culture methods to isolate bacteria from marine sediment samples collected from 11 sites in the South Shetland Islands, the Cosmonaut Sea, and Prydz Bay during the 39th Chinese Antarctic Research Expeditions. A total of 882 bacterial strains were obtained. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, these strains were classified into 4 phyla, 5 classes, 54 genera, and 95 species, including 7 potential novel species. At five sites on the South Shetland Islands, a total of 39 genera were isolated, with Pseudoalteromonas being the dominant genus at station TY14 and Cellulophaga at station CJW01. The dominant genera of DA04A, DA03 and DA01 stations were all Sulfitobacter. At two sites in Prydz Bay (P1-06 and P1-12), 27 genera were isolated, with Croceibacter as the dominant genus. In the Cosmonaut Sea, 22 genera were isolated from four sites (CA1-10, C5-09, CD1-11, and CA1-09), all dominated by the genus Sulfitobacter. Additionally, 92 representative strains were selected for extracellular enzyme activity assays, including DNAase, amylase, lipase (Tween 20, 40, and 80), gelatinase, cellulase, fucoidanase, and caseinase. The results showed that 57.61% of the isolated strains exhibited activity in two or more kinds of enzymes, and most of the isolated strains had extracellular enzyme activities. These findings provide a reference for the utilization of Antarctic microbial resources and the development of cold-adapted enzymes.

Key words: cultivable microbial, extracellular enzymes, South Shetland Islands, Cosmonaut Sea, Prydz Bay, Antarctic offshore