极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 631-643.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240048

• 研究综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极恐龙的种类、分布及其与冈瓦纳大陆演化的关系

李淼,刘晓春   

  1. 1中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081;
    2中国地质调查局极地地学研究中心, 北京 100081;
    3自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30 修回日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2025-12-30 发布日期:2026-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 李淼
  • 基金资助:
    科技部项目和中国地质调查局地质调查项目资助

The species and distribution of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica and their relationship with the evolution of Gondwana

LI Miao1,2,3, LIU Xiaochun1,2,3   

  1. 1Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    2China Research Center of Polar Geosciences, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China;
    3China Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-04-30 Revised:2024-09-30 Online:2025-12-30 Published:2026-01-12

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摘要： 恐龙是研究生物大进化的最好例证, 其化石被作为洲际间的陆相地层对比的标志, 尤其是化石的分布也可作为大陆漂移的重要证据。南极恐龙的发现主要集中在横贯南极山脉中部比德莫尔冰川地区的陆相沉积地层和南极半岛詹姆斯罗斯岛周边的海相沉积地层中。本文在系统归纳总结有关南极恐龙的种类、分布、有关地层出露状况的基础上,聚焦南极恐龙与冈瓦纳大陆演化的关系, 得到如下结论: (1)比德莫尔冰川地区发现的恐龙化石赋存于陆相沉积地层, 该类群可能生活在早侏罗世季节性干旱气候条件下、发育在弧后前陆盆地的河流流域范围中, 对应冈瓦纳大陆演化过程中的初始裂解时期; (2)詹姆斯罗斯岛地区发现的晚白垩世恐龙化石赋存于海相沉积地层, 该类群生活在温暖潮湿气候下、活动范围在弧后盆地的浅海—三角洲的古环境之中, 对应各陆块彻底分离裂解的冈瓦纳大陆演化的晚期阶段。

关键词: 恐龙, 种类与分布, 沉积地层, 冈瓦纳大陆, 南极

Abstract: Dinosaurs serve as excellent indicators in the study of the remarkable evolution of life. Their fossils are widely used for intercontinental stratigraphic correlation, providing crucial evidence for continental drift. In Antarctica, dinosaur fossils are mainly found in the continental sediments from the Beardmore Glacier area of the central Transantarctic Mountains and the marine sediments from James Ross Island in the Antarctic Peninsula. This paper presents a systematic summary of the species, distribution, and exposure of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica and examines the links between these dinosaurs and the evolution of Gondwana: (1) the dinosaurs found in the Beardmore Glacier area may have lived in the Early Jurassic under a seasonal dry climate in the river areas in the back-arc foreland basin; this corresponds to the initial break-up of Gondwanaland. (2) The dinosaurs found around James Ross Island lived in the Late Cretaceous under a warm and humid climate and were in a shallow-water delta in a backarc basin; this corresponds to the latter period of Gondwanaland during which the land masses separated completely.

Key words: Antarctica, dinosaurs, distribution, strata, Gondwanaland