极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 604-611.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210002

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极冰盖深部结构、冰下过程及其对冰盖稳定性和海平面的影响

唐学远1,孙波1,马红梅1,赵励耘2,乔刚3,田一翔3,郭井学1,崔祥斌1,李霖1   

  1. 1自然资源部极地科学重点实验室, 中国极地研究中心, 上海, 200136;
    2北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院, 北京, 100875;
    3同济大学测绘与地理信息学院,上海, 200092
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-29 修回日期:2021-02-26 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41941006)

The deep structure and subglacial processes of the Antarctic ice sheet, and its influence on the ice sheet instability and sea level

Tang Xueyuan1, Sun Bo1, Ma Hongmei1, Zhao Liyun2, Qiao Gang3, Tian Yixiang3,#br# Guo Jingxue1, Cui Xiangbin1, Li Lin1   

  1. 1 MNR Key Laboratory of Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;
    2 College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    3 College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2020-12-29 Revised:2021-02-26 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2021-12-16

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摘要： 冰盖结构、冰下过程对冰盖稳定性、气候环境变化和全球海平面上升的影响正成为南极科学研究的前沿与热点。然而, 目前针对不同时空尺度上影响南极冰盖稳定性的关键物理过程及其效应仍缺乏系统研究, 致使多年来国际极地科学界在有关南极冰盖冰下过程对全球气候变化的影响机理的议题上存在广泛的争议。利用中国自2015年以来开展的东南极冰盖伊丽莎白公主地考察及其航空地球物理探测资料, 通过归纳最近南极冰盖研究的新认识, 厘清南极冰盖深部结构与冰下过程涉及的关键科学问题, 阐述将冰盖典型区域的强化观测和冰盖数值模拟相结合来研究南极冰盖冰下深部结构与冰下过程的物理机理可能遇到的问题和解决方式, 并提炼出与冰盖稳定性变异机制及其对海平面上升影响相关的研究目标、核心内容、有效途径及科学价值。期望对定量估算南极冰盖的物质平衡及其对未来海平面上升的影响这一人类迄今认识最少的南极冰盖研究领域作出科学贡献。

关键词: 东南极冰盖, 伊丽莎白公主地, 深部结构, 冰下过程, 航空地球物理探测

Abstract:

The effects of ice sheet structure and subglacial processes on ice sheet stability, climate change and global sea-level rise are becoming the frontiers of Antarctic scientific research. However, systematic research remains insufficient on the key physical processes and their effects on the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet at different time-space scales, which has led to wide controversy on the impacts of subglacial processes on global climate change in the international polar scientific community for many years. Based on the aerogeophysical exploration of the Princess Elizabeth Land of the East Antarctica ice sheet, carried out by Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition since 2015/2016, we summarize the recent research, and clarify the key scientific issues involved in understanding the deep structure and subglacial processes of the Antarctic ice sheet. We expound the obstacles and solutions encountered in the study of the physical mechanisms of the deep structure and processes of the Antarctic ice sheet, by combining intensive observations of the typical areas with the numerical simulations to explore ice sheet stability and its impact on sea level rise. This study contributes to the quantitative estimation of the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and its impact on the future sea level rise.

Key words: East Antarctic ice sheet, Princess Elizabeth Land, deep structure, subglacial processes, aerogeophysical observation