极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 402-414.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20190068

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

加拿大北极群岛区域海冰变化情况及其影响因素研究进展

沈心仪1,2,3,张瑜1,2,3,陈长胜1,2,3,4,胡松1,2,3   

  1. 1.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;
    2.上海海洋大学国际海洋研究中心, 上海 201306;
    3.上海海洋大学极地研究中心, 上海 201306;
    4.马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校海洋科学与技术学院, 新贝德福德市, 马萨诸塞州 02744, 美国
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-11 修回日期:2020-01-02 出版日期:2020-09-30 发布日期:2020-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 张瑜
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41706210)、国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0607000, 2016YFC1400903)和海洋环境安全保障国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406801)资助

Review of sea ice variability in Canadian Arctic Archipelago and associated change factors

Shen Xinyi1,2,3, Zhang Yu1,2,3, Chen Changsheng1,2,3,4, Hu Song1,2,3   

  1. 1.College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2.International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    3.Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    4.School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, Massachusetts 02744, USA
  • Received:2019-11-11 Revised:2020-01-02 Online:2020-09-30 Published:2020-09-30
  • Contact: zhang Yu

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摘要： 加拿大北极群岛作为北冰洋淡水输出的重要通道, 其海冰变化以及通过该区域的北冰洋淡水变化会对北大西洋及其下游的水文状况、自然环境和生态系统产生深远影响。此外, 加拿大北极群岛海冰的变化情况会对西北航道的通行产生显著作用。然而由于观测数据在时空上的限制, 现今的研究对加拿大北极群岛海冰具体变化过程以及影响其变化的机制了解得还不够深入。本文梳理了目前国内外有关加拿大北极群岛海冰密集度、海冰面积、海冰厚度、海冰面积通量等主要海冰要素变化的相关研究进展, 分析了海冰变化对西北航道通航的作用, 总结了影响加拿大北极群岛海冰变化的主要因素, 包括大气环流热力因素、动力因素以及海洋变化影响因素, 并在前人研究的基础上对亟待解决的一些研究内容予以展望。

关键词: 加大拿北极群岛, 海冰, 西北航道, 融冰期, 多年冰

Abstract: The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is an important gateway for Arctic freshwater outflow. Variability of sea ice and Arctic freshwater flowing through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago has profound impacts on the hydrology, environment and ecosystems of the North Atlantic downstream. Sea ice variability in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago also plays an important role in navigation of the Northwest Passage. However, processes and mechanisms of sea ice change in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are insufficiently described by existing studies because of temporal and spatial limitations of observational data. This paper reviews current research on sea ice concentration, extent, thickness and flux in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, analyzes the effect of sea ice variability on navigation of the Northwest Passage, and summarizes the main factors affecting sea ice variability in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These include thermodynamics and dynamics of atmospheric circulation and changes in the ocean. We identify prospects for future research on the basis of existing findings.

Key words: Canadian Arctic Archipelago, sea ice, Northwest Passage, melt season, multi-year ice