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30 September 2026, Volume 38 Issue 3 Previous Issue   

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Review of research progress on the distribution characteristics and ecological value of Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea YANG Jialiang, LI Shuai, HUANG Hongliang, ZHAO Guoqing, RAO Xin, LI Lingzhi 2026, 38 (3):  305-318.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240101 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (6832KB) ( 18 )   The Amundsen Sea, situated in the western Antarctic region, is recognized as one of the marine ecosystems changing most rapidly under the influence of climate change. Characterized by extensive sea ice cover, dynamic coastal polynyas, and high seasonal primary productivity, this region provides critical habitats for two dominant euphausiid species: Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias. This review comprehensively summarizes current knowledge on the spatial distribution, environmental drivers, and habitat preferences of krill in the Amundsen Sea, with particular emphasis on the combined effects of sea ice dynamics, primary production, water temperature, and ocean circulation. Our synthesis indicates that krill distribution patterns exhibit pronounced regional and seasonal variability, shaped by multiple interacting environmental factors. Sea ice, in particular, plays a central role by regulating breeding success and larval survival through its timing of retreat, thickness, and spatial extent. The retreat of seasonal sea ice initiates phytoplankton blooms that provide critical food for krill, especially during early life stages. Meanwhile, hydrodynamic processes such as coastal currents, gyres, and mesoscale eddies modulate krill transport, aggregation, and retention in suitable habitats, reinforcing their spatial patchiness and influencing predator–prey dynamics. Despite these advances, several knowledge gaps remain. Existing ecological models often rely on simplified linear assumptions or single-variable analyses, thereby lacking the capacity to capture complex interactions and feedbacks between environmental factors. Moreover, they rarely incorporate biological processes such as life-history stage transitions, diel vertical migration, or phenological shifts, which are crucial for accurate projections under changing climatic conditions. Limited availability of long-term observational data, particularly in winter and transitional seasons, further restricts our ability to evaluate interannual variability and climate-driven habitat shifts. Future research must focus on integrative approaches, including deployment of long-term ecological monitoring stations, development of high-resolution coupled physical–biogeochemical models, and interdisciplinary collaborations that bridge observational, experimental, and modeling frameworks. Understanding the synergistic and nonlinear interactions between multiple environmental drivers will be key to predicting krill population dynamics, assessing ecosystem resilience, and informing sustainable management of polar marine resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between the summer Antarctic krill resource density distribution in the Amundsen Sea and geographical and environmental factors YANG Jialiang, LI Shuai, HUANG Hongliang, ZHAO Guoqing, RAO Xin, WANG Ziyi, LI Lingzhi 2026, 38 (3):  319-321.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240087 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (1333KB) ( 19 )   This study used transect survey data from the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition in the Amundsen Sea to assess the spatial distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) resource density and its relationship with environmental factors between 10th January and 5th February 2020. The key findings were: (1) the average density of Antarctic krill in the survey area was 6.36 g·m–2, with an estimated total resource volume of 5.35×106 t; (2) high-density areas of Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea were characterized by seabed depths of 500~1000 m and 3000~4000 m, proximity to the ice edge within 90 km, and offshore distances of 0~200 km and 350~540 km; (3) the environmental features of these high-density areas included sea surface temperature ranges of –1.1~–0.7 ℃, 0.1°~0.3 ℃, and 0.7~1.5 ℃; salinity levels between 33‰ and 34‰; and chlorophyll a concentrations of 1.8~2.2 μg·L–1, 2.6~3.0 μg·L–1, 3.0~3.4 μg·L–1, 3.8~4.2 μg·L–1, and 5.4~5.8 μg·L–1; (4) Antarctic krill density was strongly negatively correlated with latitude, seabed depth, offshore distance, and distance from the ice edge (P<0.01), but was positively correlated with sea surface temperature (P<0.01); (5) the distribution of Antarctic krill in the Amundsen Sea showed weak correlations with salinity and chlorophyll a concentration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial and environmental factors in Antarctic krill fishery bycatch based on a generalized additive model WANG Ziyi, LI Lingzhi, ZHANG Gangchen, ZHAO Guoqing, HUANG Hongliang, ZHANG Yuqing, YANG Jialiang 2026, 38 (3):  322-341.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240080 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (451KB) ( 11 )   In marine fishing operations, the simultaneous capture and abandonment of non-target species, known as bycatch, is a prominent problem particularly in the Antarctic krill trawl fishery. As the largest fishery in the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic krill fishery has garnered attention from the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). To mitigate this concern, CCAMLR has prioritized efforts to reduce bycatch in this fishery. To better understand and manage bycatch, this study used a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the relationship between spatiotemporal and environmental factors and bycatch occurrence across the 48 fishing areas within the Antarctic krill fishery. This analysis was conducted using production data from Chinese vessels engaged in the harvesting of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) during 2019–2022. The findings from this model provide valuable insights for refining fishing practices and implementing strategies to minimize bycatch in this critical fishery. Notably, the findings underscore the variability in bycatch factors across distinct subregions. Specifically, in subregion 48.1, fishing depth and chlorophyll-a concentration emerged as primary determinants of bycatch the GAM accounted for 36.7% of the total deviation in BPUFa. This suggests that implementing region-specific management strategies that account for local environmental conditions could be instrumental in curbing bycatch, in the Antarctic krill fishery. The analysis of factors influencing bycatch in different subareas of a fishing zone in Antarctica was conducted using the GAM. In subarea 48.2, the GAM accounted for 40.1% of the total deviation in bycatch per unit effort of fatty acids (BPUFa), indicating that bycatch is strongly influenced by several factors that include fishing depth, chlorophyll-a concentration, seabed depth, the natural logarithm of the catch per unit effort (CPUE), sea surface temperature, and longitude. Similarly, in subarea 48.3, the GAM explained 54.6% of the total deviation in BPUFa, with bycatch notably affected by fishing depth, seabed depth, the natural logarithm of the CPUE, sea surface temperature, and longitude. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between bycatch and both spatial and environmental factors across the various subregions within the 48 fishing areas of Antarctica. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Verification of the FY-3C/TOU total ozone column product in Antarctica ZHAO Yixi, TIAN Biao, ZHENG Xiangdong, YANG Diyi, ZOU Xiaowei, YU Yining, WANG Xin, DING Minghu 2026, 38 (3):  342-354.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240104 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (451KB) ( 12 )   Owing to anomalies in the solar irradiance measurements of the FY-3C/TOU (Total Ozone Unit), the applicability of its total ozone column (TOC) products in Antarctica remains to be evaluated. This study evaluated the accuracy of FY-3C/TOU TOC products in combination with ground-based measurements at six Antarctic stations from January 2015 to December 2019 and compared them with Aura/OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) TOC products. The factors influencing the relative differences in TOU TOC were investigated, existing problems analyzed, and a correction method proposed. Results showed that TOU TOC exhibits substantial underestimation during November–January, with relative differences ranging from −37.19% to −21.19% at Zhongshan (ZOS), Syowa (SYO), Marambio (MBI), and Dumont d’Urville (DDU) stations. In contrast, deviation metrics at the Halley (HBA) and South Pole (SPO) stations were relatively small throughout the year, with correlation coefficients above 0.940. The relative difference in OMI TOC at each station ranged from −3% to 2%, making it a reliable reference for evaluating the accuracy of TOU TOC products. The influence of the solar zenith angle (SZA) on the relative difference in TOU TOC was identified mainly when the SZA is below 70°. The influence of ground-based TOC on the relative difference in TOU TOC exhibited a W-type pattern at the ZOS, SYO, and DDU stations, with low points occurring in the ranges of 190~250 and 310~340 DU. No notable trends were observed for radiative cloud fraction and aerosol index. Based on the K-fold cross-validation method, a time-segmented linear correction method is proposed for TOU TOC, which improves the correlation coefficients to above 0.874. This study clarified the monitoring capability of FY-3C/TOU in the Antarctic region, identified current problems, and proposed an effective correction strategy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Antarctic ice shelf change trends based on multi-source data WU Yunsi, WANG Zemin, ZHANG Baojun 2026, 38 (3):  355-368.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250010 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (6928KB) ( 23 )   Antarctic ice shelves play a critical role in regulating the mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet by buttressing inland ice and limiting its discharge into the surrounding oceans. Consequently, changes in ice shelf extent and thickness are important indicators of ice shelf stability and have significant implications for future sea-level rise. To investigate long-term variations in Antarctic ice shelves, optical remote sensing imagery (Landsat and MODIS) and multiple existing geospatial datasets were integrated to map Antarctic ice shelf fronts over the past four decades and quantify changes in ice shelf area. A total of 145 ice shelves were analyzed over the period 1984 to 2023. The results indicate a net loss of 76905.18 km², corresponding to 4.43% of the total ice shelf area during the study period. Among the analyzed ice shelves, 37 exhibited an overall expansion trend, including the Flichner and Brunt Stancomb ice shelves, with a cumulative area increase of 18006.25 km² (6.27%). In contrast, 108 ice shelves showed a net reduction in area, including the Ronne, Wilkins, and Crosson ice shelves, resulting in a cumulative area loss of 94911.43 km² (6.41%). To further investigate the coupled evolution of ice shelf geometry, an ice shelf thickness dataset derived from satellite altimetry observations was compiled and extended to cover 56 ice shelves during the period 1992 to 2023. Analysis of thickness changes revealed that 22 ice shelves experienced net thickening, with particularly pronounced increases observed for Publications Ice Shelf (150.2%) and Ninnis Ice Shelf (36.49%). Conversely, 34 ice shelves experienced thinning, with significant thinning observed in Crosson (33.7%), Thwaites (29.56%), and Land ice shelves (28.11%). Spatial analysis revealed pronounced regional contrasts, with ice shelves in West Antarctica exhibiting substantially greater variability in both area and thickness than those in East Antarctica. To explore the mechanisms driving ice shelf evolution, correlations were examined between observed changes in ice shelf area and thickness and potential controlling factors, including grounding discharge and iceberg calving. The results demonstrate that the relative influence of these factors varies considerably among individual ice shelves and across different regions of Antarctica, highlighting the complexity of ice shelf responses to environmental forcing. Despite the complexity and diversity of the observed ice shelf responses, a generalized classification framework comprising eight distinct change patterns was identified.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of sea level long term changes in the subarctic North Atlantic SUI Yi, DU Ling, LI Jiahao 2026, 38 (3):  369-385.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250023 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (19025KB) ( 14 )   The subpolar seas of the North Atlantic (e.g., the Nordic Seas, Irminger Sea, and Baffin Bay), connecting the Arctic and Atlantic Ocean, exhibit regional sea level variability influenced by multiple factors. Using altimetry, tide gauge data, and reanalysis products obtained over the past three decades, this study analyzed the long-term trend in sea level change and investigated the underlying mechanisms driven by the large-scale circulation. Results showed that heat flux dominated sea level trends, explaining 33.2% of the variability, while Ekman pumping primarily influenced interannual variations (explained variance: 10.9%). Freshwater flux contributed 8.8% to the long-term change in sea level. Regional differences in the long-term change in sea level arise from spatially heterogeneous responses of Ekman pumping and buoyancy flux under Arctic Oscillation (AO) modulation. During positive/negative AO phases, sea level pressure anomalies induced cyclonic/anticyclonic wind anomalies over the Irminger and Nordic seas, driving sea level divergence/convergence via Ekman pumping. Sea level pressure anomalies also modified vertical atmospheric motion, altering cloud cover and generating localized sensible/latent heat flux and precipitation anomalies, further impacting sea level in the subpolar North Atlantic.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Arctic sea ice freeboard products from multi-source satellite altimeters LIANG Beibei, HE Lian, HUI Fengming, CHENG Xiao 2026, 38 (3):  386-399.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240092 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (9064KB) ( 17 )   Satellite altimeter has been recognized as one of the important tools to derive long-term and large-scale sea ice thickness in the polar regions. This study aims to compare five Arctic sea ice freeboard products derived from five different satellite altimeters currently in orbit, including CryoSat-2 (CS2), SARAL/AltiKa (AltiKa), Sentinel-3A (S3A), Sentinel-3B (S3B) and ICESat-2 (IS2). The consistency between different sea ice freeboards during the winter season (October to April) was analyzed and their accuracies were evaluated using the Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne observation data. The AltiKa radar sea ice freeboards were calibrated relative to the IS2 observations to remove the systematic bias. Validation with OIB airborne observations shows overall performance of CS2 and S3A with the mean bias and root mean square error (ERMSE) values being about 0.030 m and 0.077 m, respectively. The mean bias and ERMSE values for IS2 are –0.001 m and 0.070 m, respectively. AltiKa tends to systematically underestimate total sea ice freeboards compared to OIB measurements with the mean bias and ERMSE values being about –0.154 m and 0.190 m, respectively. For the radar sea ice freeboards derived from CS2, S3A and S3B, the difference between S3A and S3B is within ±0.002 m and the discrepancy between CS2 and S3A/B is within ±0.010 m, indicating a good consistency among these three sea ice freeboard observations. The AltiKa radar sea ice freeboards are significantly lower than IS2 laser sea ice freeboards with the mean bias ranging from 0.041 m to 0.161 m, and the mean bias increases from October to April as sea ice grows. After calibrating AltiKa on IS2, the corrected AltiKa shows improved accuracy with bias and ERMSE values being 0.031 m and 0.109 m, respectively. This study helps to understand the consistency between Arctic sea ice freeboards from different satellite altimeters and to obtain long-term, consistent sea ice freeboard and sea ice thickness data, which supports the study of fusion of multi-source sea ice freeboard products and estimation of snow depth on Arctic sea ice based freeboard differencing method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Snow water equivalent estimation method based on the GNSS-R and ERA5 CHEN Fanglin, CHANG Liang, HUANG Ting 2026, 38 (3):  400-412.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240085 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (3412KB) ( 13 )   The Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has become an important method for estimating the snow water equivalent (SWE). However, when using a snow density model-based method to invert the GNSS-R SWE, the accuracy is often affected by the lack of meteorological observation instruments around the GNSS stations. To address this issue, this study proposed a method that integrated a snow density model established using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis version 5 (ERA5) data and snow depth series derived from GNSS-R to estimate the SWE. This approach aimed to overcome the limitations of insufficient meteorological parameter resolution in traditional GNSS-R SWE estimation. To verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental studies were conducted at two GPS stations, AB33 and SG27. The accuracy of SWE estimates obtained by constructing snow density models using both SNOwpack TELemetry (SNOTEL) observational data and ERA5 reanalysis data was analyzed. In the region near the GNSS station with fewer SNOTEL stations, the proposed method achieved a higher level of accuracy in SWE estimation compared with traditional GNSS-R SWE inversion methods based on SNOTEL data. Specifically, the snow density correlation improved by approximately 11%, root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by approximately 12%, and SWE RMSE reduced by approximately 24%, effectively mitigating the limitations of traditional methods caused by the spatial resolution of meteorological parameters. Furthermore, the SWE estimates obtained using the proposed method demonstrated a higher level of accuracy than those based on ERA5 reanalysis data, with a correlation increase of approximately 9% and an RMSE reduction of approximately 20%. This further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method and validates its application potential in the GNSS-R field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The distribution of liquid clouds in the Arctic and their impact on aerosol-sea ice interactions SUN Yukun, CHANG Liang 2026, 38 (3):  413-429.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240103 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (17383KB) ( 12 )   The Arctic is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. Since cloud phase can influence radiative balance, weather processes, and interact with aerosols, and is also one of the critical parameters currently lacking in climate models, studying cloud phase can provide new perspectives for assessing Arctic climate change. Based on the CALIPSO-GOCCP cloud phase dataset from 2006 to 2020, combined with CALIPSO VFM aerosol products, ERA5 reanalysis data, and NSIDC sea ice data, this study analyzed the 3D structure of Arctic cloud phase. Also, the relationships between cloud phase and aerosol distribution, meteorological factors, and sea ice concentration (SIC) are mentioned in this study. The research finds that Arctic cloud cover and liquid-containing cloud fraction (FLCF) are significantly higher over ocean regions than over land, with such spatial differences primarily driven by underlying surface topography, thermal conditions, and aerosol transport. Additionally, FLCF is most prominent in summer, followed by autumn, and lower in winter and spring, a pattern mainly due to seasonal differences in temperature, aerosol concentration, and atmospheric dynamics. The vertical distribution of FLCF decreases rapidly with increasing altitude and latitude. Moreover, we find that spatial differences in FLCF distribution are primarily driven by topography, thermal conditions, and transport of aerosols. Over land, FLCF is positively correlated with surface temperature, with correlation coefficients around 0.8, but negatively correlated with the frequency of occurrences (FFoOs) of ice-nucleating aerosols, lower tropospheric static stability (LTSS), and the component of wind at 100 hPa, with correlation coefficients around –0.5. Over oceans, FLCF is also positively correlated with surface temperature and negatively correlated with the U component of wind at 100 hPa U. However, FLCF over oceans is positively correlated with the FFoOs of ice-nucleating aerosols, with correlation coefficients around 0.6. However, FLCF in the Pacific Arctic is negatively correlated with LTSS, with a correlation coefficient of –0.61, while over the Atlantic Arctic, FLCF shows a positive correlation with LTSS, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7. The relationship between FLCF and SIC is predominantly negative, particularly in summer, with a correlation coefficient of about –0.3. However, positive correlations between FLCF and SIC are found in some sea-ice edge regions, with correlation coefficients around 0.3. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation and analysis of low-level wind fields over the sea areas of Antarctic voyage using coherent Doppler wind LiDAR LI Xiaoya, WANG Shuoren, YU Zhibin, FU Xinyao, YIN Chuanli, GUAN Jun, ZHANG Jie 2026, 38 (3):  430-449.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240088 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (18322KB) ( 14 )   The coherent Doppler wind light detection and Ranging (LiDAR) developed by China was installed on the R/V Xuelong 2 and set sail in the 40th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. For the first time, the LiDAR obtained complete wind field data below 3000 meters on the route across the North Temperate Zone to the Antarctic Core Circle. The conclusions of the LiDAR data analysis are shown below. (1) The data calibrated by the attitude compensation algorithm met the requirements of low-level wind observation during the scientific expedition and provided reliable data support for ship-borne flight activities and research into the relationship between ocean current changes and low-level winds. (2) The prevailing low-level winds in the northern and southern hemispheres were more complex than the classic three-circle circulation pattern. Compared with that in the northern hemisphere, the low-level wind in the southern hemisphere was mostly zonal flow and was more significant at high latitudes. (3) The westerly wind speed at the mid and high latitudes of the southern hemisphere was much greater than that in the same latitudes of the northern hemisphere, and the maximum wind speed in the jet stream sometimes reached hurricane level. The activities of synoptic-scale systems such as front and low-level jets were more dynamic in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere, resulting in more frequent and severe low-level horizontal and vertical wind shears. (4) The polar front existed for a long time and was positioned southward in summer and northward in autumn. There was a large area of low-level jets and vertical ascent areas near the front. (5) The wind speed in the Antarctic Core Circle tended to be gentle with a prevailing sinking airflow. In summer, there were still more polar front activities. In summary, the impact of low-level winds on navigation or low-altitude operations may be more significant in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization design of the telescope tower structure for weak snow foundation in Dome A, Antarctica WEN Haikun, ZHOU Wei, TIAN Biao, ZHU Kongju, REN Zhimin 2026, 38 (3):  450-457.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250007 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (5367KB) ( 10 )   Dome A in Antarctica is known as one of the best ground-based observatory sites in the world. Nevertheless, the particular geographical positioning of Dome A and the harsh local climatic conditions that prevail on the site necessitated the overcoming considerable transportation and construction challenges in building the tower on the 3000-m weak snow foundation. To ensure that the tower meets the requisite precision conditions for accurate telescope observations, it is essential that the structure of the tower be designed and optimized in accordance with the permissible value of the foundation bearing pressure. In this study, the strength of the snow foundation was gauged and analyzed through field experiment, and the root mean square value of foundation strength was determined as 1.962 MPa. Based on the analysis, the tower was designed and optimized to satisfy the requirements of a 2-m-class telescope, including the stiffness and the displacement of the top under a wind speed of 10 m·s−1. After optimizing the tower structure, the maximum stress of the tower was 11.059 MPa, and the maximum stress on the snow foundation was only 0.133 MPa. Linear pressure was applied on the tower to simulate 10 m·s−1 wind pressure, and the maximum displacement of the tower in that direction was 0.04 arcsec. The analyses revealed that the tower can meet the requirements of telescope observations, and inform the future use of the large-scale, high-precision telescopes and other large-scale equipment at Dome A. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and application of an Arctic sea ice UAV-Buoy system FAN Gaochen, DOU Yinke, MA Chunyan, AN Baobao, CHEN Bin, KOU Liwei 2026, 38 (3):  458-470.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250005 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (4952KB) ( 16 )   The Arctic sea ice undergoes a melting period from May to September each year, but there is currently a lack of refined real-time monitoring techniques. To address this issue, this study designed and developed an ice-based buoy equipped with a quadcopter to overcome the limitations of traditional monitoring methods in terms of spatiotemporal resolution, environmental adaptability, and operational efficiency. The ice-based buoy was equipped with an Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) base station and a contact charging system, providing the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with centimeter-level positioning correction and charging support in low-temperature environments.The UAV was equipped with a gimbal camera that enabled it to capture the surface features of sea ice within a 4 km radius of the buoy. Additionally, by leveraging iridium communication and telemetry, the system established a three-tier network from domestic monitoring platforms to the buoy and UAV to enable task command uploads and real-time data retrieval. Results from the 2024 Arctic field test demonstrated that the system achieved the expected performance in monitoring task execution and data collection, validating its practicality and reliability in polar sea ice monitoring. This test identified directions for further refining the system in the future have been identified. Improvements in endurance, image quality, and environmental adaptability will be pursued to continuously enhance its performance to provide more efficient and reliable support for polar scientific research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Capacity optimization of a hybrid energy storage system for polar heavy icebreakers using an adaptive mutation multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm DUAN Qingji, DOU Yinke, ZUO Guangyu, HUANG Rong 2026, 38 (3):  471-481.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250003 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (1636KB) ( 10 )   The increasing demand for polar scientific exploration and Arctic maritime transportation has intensified the need for advanced polar heavy icebreakers capable of operating efficiently under extreme environmental and highly variable loading conditions. As a critical component of the shipboard power system, the hybrid energy storage system plays an essential role in mitigating power fluctuations, improving energy utilization efficiency, and enhancing operational reliability. A multi-objective optimization model is developed for the capacity configuration of the HESS in a polar heavy icebreaker. The proposed model simultaneously minimizes the cost of the energy storage system, reduces the lifetime loss of energy storage components, and improves the power-balance performance of the shipboard power supply system. An adaptive mutation-based Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem. The algorithm incorporates an adaptive inertia weight factor to accelerate convergence velocity and introduces a targeted mutation operator to prevent premature convergence. Subsequently, a tri-objective cost-effectiveness method was applied to evaluate the Pareto-optimal solution set and identify the most suitable capacity configuration scheme. The results demonstrate that the optimized configuration satisfies the power demand requirements under representative icebreaking operating conditions. In addition, the proposed approach reduces energy storage system costs, extending the service life of lithium batteries and significantly improving the stability of the power system bus voltage of icebreakers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the System of Polar and Ocean Remote Sensing Big Data Information Service and Decision Center Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Technology CUI Xue, XIA Xiaoyun, HU Lin, REN Ningchuan, LI Xinqing, HUI Fengming 2026, 38 (3):  482-493.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240098 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (12641KB) ( 17 )   Polar and oceanic regions play an important role in climate regulation, energy storage, and biodiversity. This study used data mining, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technologies to aggregate various types of data from “sky, earth, and humans” integrate and develop scientific algorithms, develop a polar and ocean remote sensing big data information service and decision-making center system, and produce innovative thematic products with independent intellectual property rights. This research has currently accumulated 22 industry-leading core algorithms and 173 standard data products. The automated operation of the system achieved the transition of data from conventional sharing to application decision support to serve various aspects such as environmental monitoring, resource development, disaster warning, and government decision-making in the polar and South China Sea regions. This study aimed to provide a reference for the design of information platforms in polar and marine regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction to the Ny-Ålesund flagship projects and research sharing platform XU Kaizhong, JIANG Bohui, CHEN Liulin, MA Hongmei 2026, 38 (3):  494-500.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240100 Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (2973KB) ( 13 )   The Ny-Ålesund area in which China’s Arctic Yellow River Station is located is an international research community in Svalbard, Norway. To better carry out Chinese Arctic Research Expeditions and integrate more deeply into Ny-Ålesund’s flagship projects, it is necessary to systematically understand the local research and monitoring status, as well as the flagship project management in Ny-Ålesund. For these purposes, this paper reviewed the current situation and trends of the long-term monitoring activities, the plans of the flagship projects, the condition of infrastructure and shared research resources, and project management in Ny-Ålesund. It also discussed the impact of the adjustment of Ny-Ålesund’s local policies on Chinese Arctic Research Expeditions in recent years. The study was intended to support the selection of scientific research projects for China’s Arctic station and its integration with the Ny-Ålesund flagship projects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of a spaceborne sparse repeat-pass radar system for polar snow/ice detection LI Daojing, CUI Anjing, WU Jiang, GAO Jinghan, WANG Yu 2026, 38 (3):  501-506.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250008 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (2082KB) ( 13 )   For snow/ice detection in the Antarctic and the Arctic, this study developed a spaceborne sparse repeat-pass radar system, and analyzed its performance and feasibility. The parameters of the spaceborne radar system were designed under the condition of 75-dB decay attributable to ice thickness, and details of preliminary system are described. Considering the characteristics of the density of radar satellites in polar orbit and their short revisit time, a method for using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar sparse repeat-pass 3D imaging technology was developed to improve resolution in the cross-track direction, and preliminary results obtained by the polar snow/ice detection system based on a single satellite combined with orbital perturbation were analyzed. The system was found not only to have high resolution and good performance, but also to have certain technical feasibility.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calibration of the wide-band scientific echo sounder of the R/V Xuelong 2 icebreaker in the Arctic Ocean SHEN Yue, XIAO Zhimin, CHEN Qingman, XIE Haixiang, PEI Jiahao 2026, 38 (3):  507-514.  DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240029 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (7748KB) ( 10 )   A scientific echo sounder is one of the main instruments used for acoustic surveying of living marine resources, and its appropriate calibration guarantees the reliability of the data it acquires. Among the different methods available for calibrating a scientific echo sounder, the approach used most widely in the field is the standard spherical calibration method. Taking the preparations adopted for 13th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition as an example, this paper describes the application of the standard spherical calibration process to the calibration of the Simrad EK80 echo sounder onboard China’s R/V Xuelong 2 polar icebreaker, including the preparation, calibration procedure, and analysis of the calibration result. Following its successful calibration, the Simrad EK80 instrument was used to provide support for standardized implementation of the equipment used by other Chinese scientific research ships in the polar region. References | Related Articles | Metrics