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30 December 1997, Volume 9 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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SOURCE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOL IN WESTERN PACIFIC,SOUTHERN OCEAN AND THE FRINGE OF EAST ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  5-15.  Abstract ( 1691 )   PDF (524KB) ( 1612 )   Thirteen aerosol samples were taken by a 8grade cascade impacttype collector during the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition from December,1991 to January,1992. These samples were analyzed by PIXE for 17 chemical elements,i.e. Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br and Pb. The elemental composition, masssize distribution,geochemical classification of aerosols and the contribution from different sources were studied with the application of enrichment factor analysis,correlation analysis and main factor analysis.The results revealed that the elemental source, composition, masssize distribution of the aerosols in the studied area display a significant geographical pattern.Most of the marine aerosols originated from sea water and have been affected by the environment of the marine and its surrounding areas.They have also been influenced by regional and global atmospheric circulation with the nearcoast atmosphere significantly affected by continentoriginated materials transportation. The volcanic eruption in Philippine and at Hudson Volcano of Chile in that year as well as the Gulf War also exerted influences on the characteristics of aerosol in this area. Related Articles | Metrics

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MARINE AEROSOLS INDEX FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SIGNIFICANCE TO ICE CORE STUDY 1997, 9 (4):  16-19.  Abstract ( 1543 )   PDF (321KB) ( 1308 )   Marine biological productivity determines the seasurfaceemitted sulfur which is the second largest contribution to atmospheric sulfur. Aerosols formed by the local sea surface comprise a far larger part to coarse marine aerosols than anthropgenic emission or long-range transportation does. The concentrations of sulfur and chloride in the coarse part of marine aerosols are presented in this paper. The spacial distributions of nonseasalt S (nssS) and Cl are closely correlated,which shows that they are of the same origin and that they are influenced by the total aerosol flux from sea surface with the atmosphere. The ratio of nssS to Cl agrees well with the spacial distribution of marine primary productivity and hence can be used as a more accurate index for marine biological activity. Finally,the ratio of nonseasalt sulfate to the total seasalt concentration in Vostok ice core is calculated and shows a quite similar trend to that of the temperature. The ratio shows that marine biological activity in the source area of the ice was stronger in warm period than in glacial period. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL PROXY RECORDED IN ANTARCTIC LAKE SEDIMENTS AND ICE CORE IN THE RECENT 4000 YEARS 1997, 9 (4):  20-23.  Abstract ( 1376 )   PDF (220KB) ( 1183 )   The sedimentation rate of Lake Nella near Zhongshan Station,east Antarctica,is deduced according to the ice sheet retreatment rate of this area and the temporal variation of sulfur concentration in the sediment of Lake Nella. The 4000year variation of sulfur,index for biological activity,in sediments of Xihu Lake,west Antarctica and Lake Nella,east Antarctica is compared with that of CH3SO-3,index for marine biological activity,in D10 ice core. The results show that the three curves are very similar in their trend,demonstrating the global change in the recent 4000 years. The most favorable period was between 1850a B.P. and 1150 a B.P.. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE SEDIMENTS OF XIHU LAKE,ANTARCTICA AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE 1997, 9 (4):  24-29.  Abstract ( 1260 )   PDF (279KB) ( 1220 )   null Related Articles | Metrics

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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF XIHU LAKE NEAR THE GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  30-34.  Abstract ( 1251 )   PDF (240KB) ( 1306 )    On the basis of qualitative analysis of the factors influencing the aquatic chemical composition of Xihu Lake,the equilibrium equation for chemical weathering is employed to quantitatively evaluate these factors. The results show that atmospheric precipitation,chemical weathering and oceanic material all contribute to the chemical composition of Xihu Lake. Ca and Mg come from the chemical weathering of minerals,especially of silicate while Na and K are controlled mainly by oceanic material. The less contribution of silicate weathering to the chemical composition of Xihu Lake demonstrates that chemical weathering is at the stage of decationizing. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE CHEMICAL WEATHERING AT STORNES PENINSULA, LARSEMANN HILLS,EAST ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  35-44.  Abstract ( 1371 )   PDF (223KB) ( 1179 )   This paper states that under lowtemperature, there exists the weak chemical weathering processes on the landsurface environment at Stornes Peninsula, Larsemann Hills,which has led to the enrichment and migration of chemical elements in variant degrees. The element of Ca has the strongest migrational ability, and Mg, Sr, Zn, K, Na, etc. have relatively strong migrational abilities. Elements have the variant characteristics of enrichment and eluviation in different particle size. The average ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 is 5.79 which shows a weak chemical weathering property of the soil. Comparing with the parent rock, the element of SiO2 and Al2O3 have been eluviated. In addition, there is the trend of increasingly strong weathering from south to north. Finally, the strength of the weathering crusts in middle and deep sections is slightly higher than that of surface section. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION AT STORNES PENINSULA, LARSEMANN HILLS,EAST ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  45-50.  Abstract ( 1349 )   PDF (202KB) ( 1222 )   By samples testing and statistic method,this paper discusses the abundance and characteristics of some environment factors like rock,soil,rainfall,lake at Stornes Peninsula,Larsemann Hills,East Antarctica.The weathering processes and soilforming process are weak in this area. This research provide elementary data and scientific bases for the study of the geographic processes feature under low temperature.The element distribution has the characteristics of initialstage and regionality. Related Articles | Metrics

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DISTRIBUTION AND FORMATION OF KAOLINITE NEAR ZHONGSHAN STATION,EAST ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  51-55.  Abstract ( 1645 )   PDF (135KB) ( 1109 )   Kaolinite exists in soils and lake sediments near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica. Watersoluble magnesium and pH of the soil samples are analysed. Kaolinite content in the soil samples ranges between 26% and 57%, showing clear spacial differentiation, while its content in the sediment of Lake Nella ranges between 5.8%-23.2%, showing temporal differentiation in different layers. The correlation between kaolinite content of the soil samples and the characteristics of soil solution demonstrates that the content of kaolinite is influenced by soil pH and watersoluble magnesium. Variation of kaolinite content in the sediments of Lake Nella shows that significant change of kaolinite content in soils can occur over a period of as short as several hundred years, which agrees well with the time span for substantial change of soil solution. Related Articles | Metrics

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SPACIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FORMATION OF CLAY MINERALS NEAR THE GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  56-60.  Abstract ( 1661 )   PDF (248KB) ( 1363 )   The interrelation between geochemical behavior of some chemical elements and spacial distribution of clay minerals near the Great Wall Station,Antarctica,is studied in detail,and then the formation of clay minerals is discussed on the geochemistry. The results indicate that Ca and Mg are the principal factors controlling the formation of kaolinite and that the spacial distribution of kaolinite is affected by Ca and Mg.The geochemical behavior of Ca,Mg,Fe and especially Si is closely interrelated to the spacial variation of montmorillonite and the formation of montmorillonite is controlled by Si. Related Articles | Metrics

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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSS AND LICHEN IN FILDES PENINSULA,ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  61-65.  Abstract ( 1636 )   PDF (148KB) ( 1356 )    The distribution,interrelation and ratio of chemical elements are discussed according to the chemical composition of the moss and lichen in this area. Results show that moss and lichen promote the weathering of soils,though the biogeochemical process is quite slight because of the Antarctic environmental condition. The concentrations of Fe,Al and Mn are primarily controlled by the background level in the underlying soils.Ca,Mg,K,Na,S and some trace elements are selectively absorbed by moss and lichen,but their absorptivities are different. Ca,K and Cr are the elements that can be strongly absorbed by lichen while Mg,Na and Zn are strongly absorbed by moss. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES ON SOILS NEAR ZHONGSHAN STATION,EAST ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  66-69.  Abstract ( 1267 )   PDF (269KB) ( 1212 )   The total contents and DTPAextracted contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn in soil samples collected near Zhongshan Station when it was built in 1988 show that the DTPAextracted contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn can overshadow the influence of parent materials and reflect the impact of human activities while the total contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn,which are usually used as pollution indexes,are controlled not by human activities but by parent materials.The study shows that scientific stations there had greatly changed the DTPAextracted contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn in the soils as a result of anthropological release and the local wind. The DTPAextracted contents of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn are sensitive to human activities and can be used for EIA in Antarctica and for the impact assessment of soil environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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PRIMARY THEORY AND METHOD ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN GREAT WALL STATION AREA,ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  70-80.  Abstract ( 1371 )   PDF (547KB) ( 1677 )   Assessing the influence of human activities on the original environment of Antarctica is very important for both scientific research and research administration there. In this paper, the present environmental quality in Fildes Peninsula is evaluated primarily. Four key conceptions for Antarctic environmental impact assessment (EIA) are put forward for their new contents: the first one is environment, which centers organisms and biosystem, the second one is environmental background value, criterion and standard, concerning their availability at present, thirdly, Impact Degree (ID) of human activities simply indicates environmental changes compared with its original status, and the fourth one is Carrying Capacity of Environment (CCE), indicating the maximum bearable level of local anthropologic impact on environment.Two steps of Antarctic EIA are brought up, and the basic one is calculating ID while the advanced one calculating CCE. Taking Great Wall Station and Marsh Station in the south of Fildes Peninsula as a case study, the Impact Degree of the direct emission of power stations has been worked out, and some proposals on further research work and research administration also given. Related Articles | Metrics

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DESIGN OF GISBASED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND SCIENTIFIC SAMPLING ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM IN GREAT WALL STATION AREA, ANTARCTICA 1997, 9 (4):  81-86.  Abstract ( 1272 )   PDF (331KB) ( 1205 )    The research on GISbased environmental information system is very important for the mordernization of Antarctic scientific　research and its administration .Steps of designing the information system are discussed, including its conceptional model,structure and function and how to realize functional modules.Much importance is attached to the two professional purposes: scientific sampling administration using spatial data operating and environmental impact assessment using professional models. Related Articles | Metrics