极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 450-457.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250007

所属学科：极地天文学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

适应于南极冰穹A弱强度冰雪地基的望远镜塔架结构优化设计

温海焜1,2  周纬1,2,3  田彪4  朱孔驹4  任志敏1,2,3   

  1. 1中国科学院南京天文光学技术研究所, 江苏 南京, 210042;
    2中国科学院天文光学技术重点实验室(南京天文光学技术研究所), 江苏 南京, 210042;
    3中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049;
    4中国气象科学研究院, 北京, 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-05-22 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 田彪
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11673043, 12173060)资助

Optimization design of the telescope tower structure for weak snow foundation in Dome A, Antarctica

WEN Haikun1,2, ZHOU Wei1,2,3, TIAN Biao4, ZHU Kongju4, REN Zhimin1,2,3   

  1. 1 Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China;
    2 CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing 210042, China;
    3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    4 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-05-22 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要： 冰穹A是最优秀的地基望远镜台址之一, 然而其严苛的气候条件与深达3000 m的雪层使得建设与运输都面临着巨大挑战。为了使望远镜塔架满足预计要架设的2 m级望远镜的观测条件, 需要设计一款能够适应冰穹A冰雪地基的望远镜塔架。本文测量并分析了南极观测场地的冰雪地基抗压强度, 其均方根值为1.962 MPa。基于对地基的研究, 对塔架进行优化设计, 使其满足刚度条件与10 m·s−1风载下的顶部转角条件。对优化后的塔架结构进行有限元仿真, 在雪面上承受静载时, 塔身的最大应力值为11.059 MPa, 对雪面的最大应力为0.133 MPa。当承受等效于10 m·s−1风载的线性载荷时, 其顶部的位移转角为0.04 arcsec。本文为未来在南极架设望远镜塔架提供了一个满足观测条件的方案, 同时也为南极大型设备的架设提供了理论依据。冰穹A是最优秀的地基望远镜台址之一, 然而其严苛的气候条件与深达3000 m的雪层使得建设与运输都面临着巨大挑战。为了使望远镜塔架满足预计要架设的2 m级望远镜的观测条件, 需要设计一款能够适应冰穹A冰雪地基的望远镜塔架。本文测量并分析了南极观测场地的冰雪地基抗压强度, 其均方根值为1.962 MPa。基于对地基的研究, 对塔架进行优化设计, 使其满足刚度条件与10 m·s−1风载下的顶部转角条件。对优化后的塔架结构进行有限元仿真, 在雪面上承受静载时, 塔身的最大应力值为11.059 MPa, 对雪面的最大应力为0.133 MPa。当承受等效于10 m·s−1风载的线性载荷时, 其顶部的位移转角为0.04 arcsec。本文为未来在南极架设望远镜塔架提供了一个满足观测条件的方案, 同时也为南极大型设备的架设提供了理论依据。

关键词: 冰雪地基, 钢结构, 南极, 结构优化

Abstract: Dome A in Antarctica is known as one of the best ground-based observatory sites in the world. Nevertheless, the particular geographical positioning of Dome A and the harsh local climatic conditions that prevail on the site necessitated the overcoming considerable transportation and construction challenges in building the tower on the 3000-m weak snow foundation. To ensure that the tower meets the requisite precision conditions for accurate telescope observations, it is essential that the structure of the tower be designed and optimized in accordance with the permissible value of the foundation bearing pressure. In this study, the strength of the snow foundation was gauged and analyzed through field experiment, and the root mean square value of foundation strength was determined as 1.962 MPa. Based on the analysis, the tower was designed and optimized to satisfy the requirements of a 2-m-class telescope, including the stiffness and the displacement of the top under a wind speed of 10 m·s−1. After optimizing the tower structure, the maximum stress of the tower was 11.059 MPa, and the maximum stress on the snow foundation was only 0.133 MPa. Linear pressure was applied on the tower to simulate 10 m·s−1 wind pressure, and the maximum displacement of the tower in that direction was 0.04 arcsec. The analyses revealed that the tower can meet the requirements of telescope observations, and inform the future use of the large-scale, high-precision telescopes and other large-scale equipment at Dome A.

Key words: snow foundation, steel structure tower, Antarctica, structure optimization