极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 386-399.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240092

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

基于多源卫星高度计的北极海冰干舷高度对比分析

梁贝贝1,2  何连1,2  惠凤鸣1,2  程晓1,2   

  1. 1中山大学遥感科学与技术学院, 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东 珠海 519082;
    2极地环境立体观测与应用教育部重点实验室(中山大学), 广东 珠海 519082
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21 修回日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 何连
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2809105)和广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2023A1515011235)资助

Comparison of Arctic sea ice freeboard products from multi-source satellite altimeters

LIANG Beibei1, 2, HE Lian1, 2, HUI Fengming1, 2, CHENG Xiao1, 2   

  1. 1School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China;
    2Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
  • Received:2024-10-21 Revised:2025-02-10 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-10-22
  • Supported by:

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摘要： 卫星高度计是获取大范围、长时间序列极地海冰厚度的重要手段之一。本文以北极海冰为研究对象, 选取目前国际上在轨运行的CryoSat-2(CS2)、SARAL/AltiKa(AltiKa)、Sentinel-3A(S3A)、Sentinel-3B(S3B)和ICESat-2(IS2)五种卫星高度计的海冰干舷高度产品, 分析了冬季(10月至次年4月)不同卫星干舷高度的一致性, 采用冰桥计划(Operation IceBridge, OIB)机载观测数据对干舷高度进行验证, 并以精度较高的IS2数据为基准对AltiKa雷达海冰干舷高度的系统偏差进行订正。研究结果表明: (1)与OIB机载观测数据相比, S3A和CS2的平均偏差在0.030 m以内, 均方根误差为0.077 m, IS2的平均偏差和均方根误差分别为–0.001 m和0.070 m, AltiKa的平均偏差和均方根误差分别为–0.154 m和0.190 m; (2)针对CS2、S3A和S3B获取的雷达海冰干舷高度, S3A和S3B两者之间的差异在±0.002 m以内, 且与CS2的差异在±0.010 m之内; (3)AltiKa雷达海冰干舷高度显著低于IS2激光海冰干舷高度, 偏差均值在0.041~0.161 m之间, 且从10月至次年4月呈现增加趋势; (4)偏差订正后的AltiKa雷达海冰干舷高度精度得到明显提升, 与机载观测值相比, 其偏差和均方根误差分别为0.031 m和0.109 m。本文结果可用于获取长时间序列、一致性良好的海冰干舷高度和海冰厚度数据, 支撑多源卫星高度计海冰干舷高度数据融合和基于海冰干舷高度差的冰面积雪厚度获取, 有利于北极海冰参数及其变化趋势的卫星监测技术的进一步发展。

关键词: 北极海冰, 卫星高度计, 海冰干舷高度, 对比分析

Abstract:

Satellite altimeter has been recognized as one of the important tools to derive long-term and large-scale sea ice thickness in the polar regions. This study aims to compare five Arctic sea ice freeboard products derived from five different satellite altimeters currently in orbit, including CryoSat-2 (CS2), SARAL/AltiKa (AltiKa), Sentinel-3A (S3A), Sentinel-3B (S3B) and ICESat-2 (IS2). The consistency between different sea ice freeboards during the winter season (October to April) was analyzed and their accuracies were evaluated using the Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne observation data. The AltiKa radar sea ice freeboards were calibrated relative to the IS2 observations to remove the systematic bias. Validation with OIB airborne observations shows overall performance of CS2 and S3A with the mean bias and root mean square error (ERMSE) values being about 0.030 m and 0.077 m, respectively. The mean bias and ERMSE values for IS2 are –0.001 m and 0.070 m, respectively. AltiKa tends to systematically underestimate total sea ice freeboards compared to OIB measurements with the mean bias and ERMSE values being about –0.154 m and 0.190 m, respectively. For the radar sea ice freeboards derived from CS2, S3A and S3B, the difference between S3A and S3B is within ±0.002 m and the discrepancy between CS2 and S3A/B is within ±0.010 m, indicating a good consistency among these three sea ice freeboard observations. The AltiKa radar sea ice freeboards are significantly lower than IS2 laser sea ice freeboards with the mean bias ranging from 0.041 m to 0.161 m, and the mean bias increases from October to April as sea ice grows. After calibrating AltiKa on IS2, the corrected AltiKa shows improved accuracy with bias and ERMSE values being 0.031 m and 0.109 m, respectively. This study helps to understand the consistency between Arctic sea ice freeboards from different satellite altimeters and to obtain long-term, consistent sea ice freeboard and sea ice thickness data, which supports the study of fusion of multi-source sea ice freeboard products and estimation of snow depth on Arctic sea ice based freeboard differencing method.


Key words: Artic sea ice, satellite altimeter, sea ice freeboard, comparison analysis