极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 369-385.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250023

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

北大西洋亚北极海平面长期变化机制研究

隋毅1,2  杜凌1,2  李佳浩1,2   

  1. 1中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院, 山东 青岛 266100;
    2中国海洋大学海洋动力-物理环境与智能感知全国重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 修回日期:2025-05-27 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 杜凌

Mechanisms of sea level long term changes in the subarctic North Atlantic

SUI Yi1,2, DU Ling1,2, LI Jiahao1,2   

  1. 1College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
    2State Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Revised:2025-05-27 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-10-22
  • Supported by:
    国家自然科学基金(42376256, 42230405, 41576020)和中央高校基本科研业务费项目(202564007)资助

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摘要： 北欧海、伊尔明戈海和巴芬湾等北大西洋亚北极海域连通了北冰洋和大西洋, 其区域海平面变化受多种因素的共同影响。本文基于卫星高度计、观测和再分析等数据, 分析了近30年北大西洋亚北极海平面长期变化特征, 探讨了大尺度环流对海平面的调控机制。北大西洋亚北极海平面具有较为显著的长期变化特征, 其中, 热通量主要影响了海平面趋势变化, 解释了海平面长期变化的33.2%, Ekman抽吸主要影响了海平面年际变化, 解释了10.9%的海平面变化。淡水通量对海平面长期变化贡献了8.8%。北大西洋亚北极海平面长期变化存在区域差异, 原因是北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)调控下Ekman抽吸和浮力通量效应的区域响应差异。AO正/负位相期间, 亚北极海平面低/高压异常引起了位于伊尔明戈海和北欧海上空的气旋/反气旋式风场异常, 通过Ekman抽吸引起水体辐散/辐合, 进而影响了海平面变化。低/高压异常还影响了大气上升/下降气流, 改变了北大西洋亚北极海域上空的云量, 造成了北欧海等海域局地感热和潜热通量异常和降水异常, 进而对海平面产生影响。

关键词: 北大西洋亚北极,  海平面,  热通量,  大尺度环流

Abstract: The subpolar seas of the North Atlantic (e.g., the Nordic Seas, Irminger Sea, and Baffin Bay), connecting the Arctic and Atlantic Ocean, exhibit regional sea level variability influenced by multiple factors. Using altimetry, tide gauge data, and reanalysis products obtained over the past three decades, this study analyzed the long-term trend in sea level change and investigated the underlying mechanisms driven by the large-scale circulation. Results showed that heat flux dominated sea level trends, explaining 33.2% of the variability, while Ekman pumping primarily influenced interannual variations (explained variance: 10.9%). Freshwater flux contributed 8.8% to the long-term change in sea level. Regional differences in the long-term change in sea level arise from spatially heterogeneous responses of Ekman pumping and buoyancy flux under Arctic Oscillation (AO) modulation. During positive/negative AO phases, sea level pressure anomalies induced cyclonic/anticyclonic wind anomalies over the Irminger and Nordic seas, driving sea level divergence/convergence via Ekman pumping. Sea level pressure anomalies also modified vertical atmospheric motion, altering cloud cover and generating localized sensible/latent heat flux and precipitation anomalies, further impacting sea level in the subpolar North Atlantic. 

Key words: subarctic North Atlantic, sea level, heat flux, large-scale circulation