极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 494-509.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230072

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东南极中山冰雪机场航空气象要素特征研究

刘凯1,宋晓姜1,沈辉1,郭安博宇1,赵一磊1,邓小花1,丁卓铭1,田彪2,张文千2   

  1. 1国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081; 
    2中国气象科学研究院, 全球变化与极地研究所, 北京 100081

  • 收稿日期:2023-11-23 修回日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2025-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 宋晓姜
  • 基金资助:

    远洋船舶气象智能化导航关键技术研发项目和南极中山冰雪机场高影响天气气象要素特征分析项目

Analysis of meteorological factors influencing aviation flight at Zhongshan Ice and Snow Airport in East Antarctica

LIU Kai1, SONG Xiaojiang1, SHEN Hui1, GUO Anboyu1, ZHAO Yilei1, DENG Xiaohua1, DING Zhuoming1, TIAN Biao2, ZHANG Wenqian2#br#   

  1. 1 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China;
    2 Institute of Global Change and Polar Research, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2023-11-23 Revised:2024-04-01 Online:2025-09-30 Published:2025-09-25

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摘要： 基于2000—2019年中山站地面观测资料对中山冰雪机场附近的气象要素特征进行分析, 结合“雪鹰601”起落飞行要求, 本文着重探索了能见度低于5 km的时间、跑道侧风风级大于等于6级的时间以及满足飞行条件下可飞时间的多尺度特征。研究结果如下: (1)中山冰雪机场各气象要素之间的统计关系具有显著的季节差异, 气温表现为典型的月际变化特征; 气压和相对湿度的月季差异却不显著; 机场的整体能见度较好, 只是云量偏多, 全年晴天时间仅占总时间的13%~37.6%。(2)月平均低能见度和跑道侧风时间分别为2~3 d和2~5 d; 可飞时间在12月和1月较多, 平均8 d左右; 夏季低能见度时间主要表现为年际变化, 但跑道侧风时间和可飞时间除具有年际变化特征外, 还呈现显著的线性增加趋势。(3)导致低能见度的典型环流形势为北侧有绕极气旋, 南侧有弱高压, 冷暖空气在机场区域交汇; 东南向和偏东向跑道侧风分别对应极端条件下的降风和气旋大风; 夏季极地高压偏弱时, 低能见度时间偏多, 飞行条件差, 反之, 则飞行条件较好。

关键词: 航空气象要素, 多时间尺度变化, 中山冰雪机场, 中山站, 东南极

Abstract: Using observation data from 2000—2019, this study analyzes the characteristics of meteorological elements near the Zhongshan Ice and Snow Airport, East Antarctica. These data are combined with captain reports from “Snow Eagle 601” to determine the multi-time scale characteristics of days with visibility of <5 km, days with runway crosswinds of ≥6 force level, and days meeting the flight conditions. There are significant seasonal differences in the statistical relationships between the meteorological elements. The visibility at the airport is generally good, but there are more cloudy days, with only 13%~37.6% of the days being sunny each month. On average, there are 2~3 and 2~5 days each month with low visibility and runway crosswinds, respectively, and the number of flyable days is higher in December and January, with an average of about 8 d. The low visibility is typically caused by the presence of a circumpolar cyclone in the north and a weak anticyclone in the south, leading to the convergence of cold and warm air at the airport. Southeastward and easterly runway crosswinds correspond to extreme katabatic winds and cyclonic gales, respectively. In summer, when the polar high pressure is weak, there are more days with low visibility; however, the flying conditions are better.

Key words: aviation meteorological elements, multi-time scale variations,  Zhongshan Ice and Snow Airport, Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica