极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 603-616.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240097

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

《2022年印度南极法》的特色及借鉴意义

陈忠华   

  1. 比利时根特大学法律与犯罪学院, 比利时根特  9000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2025-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈忠华
  • 基金资助:
    国家留学基金委“国外合作项目(与比利时根特大学配套资助奖学金)”

The legislative features and value of reference of the Indian Antarctic Act 2022

CHEN Zhonghua   

  1. Department of European, Public and International Law, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
  • Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-02-20 Online:2025-09-30 Published:2025-09-25
  • Supported by:

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摘要： 《2022年印度南极法》是印度首部综合性的南极立法, 是作为南极条约协商国的印度参与南极治理最为重要的法律依据。在该法生效的同时, 印度出台了《印度南极环境保护规则》以进一步细化和执行《2022年印度南极法》中的有关规定。本文通过解析《2022年印度南极法》的立法逻辑, 重点分析了该法如何构建以行政许可为核心的立法结构, 并通过与印度其他国内法规则的协调机制, 有效履行其在南极条约体系下的国际义务。此外, 本文通过与其他国家的南极立法进行比较研究, 旨在识别《2022年印度南极法》中具有显著特色的重点制度, 评估其对印度参与南极治理实践的积极影响与潜在挑战。鉴于中国目前正在制定法律层级的南极立法, 相关研究对中国南极立法以及中国进一步参与南极治理具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词: 《2022年印度南极法》, 南极条约体系, 南极治理

Abstract: The “Indian Antarctic Act 2022” represents India’s first comprehensive Antarctic legislation and serves as the primary legal basis for India’s participation in Antarctic governance as an Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party. Complementing this legislation, India promulgated the “Indian Antarctic Environmental Protection Rules 2023” to further elaborate and implement relevant provisions of the Act. This research examines the overarching legislative framework of the “Indian Antarctic Act 2022”, focusing on how the legislation establishes an administrative licensing-centered regulatory structure and coordinates with domestic legal frameworks to effectively fulfill India’s obligations under the Antarctic Treaty System. The research also identifies distinctive provisions of India’s Antarctic legislation relative to the Antarctic legislation of other nations, while analyzing the positive and negative implications for India’s engagement in Antarctic governance. Given China’s current efforts in formulating a national-level Antarctic legislation, this research offers a valuable reference for China’s Antarctic legislative process and its enhanced participation in Antarctic governance.

Key words: Indian Antarctic Act 2022, Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctic governance