极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 421-431.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20200074

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国参与南极治理的历史进程与经验思考:以协商会议和养护会议为例

王婉潞   

  1. 南京大学国际关系学院, 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-19 修回日期:2020-12-23 接受日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-10-12
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA135)，国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1408205)，教育部国别和区域研究专项(19GBQY115)

The historical process and experience of China's participation in Antarctic governance: Examples from ATCM and CCAMLR

Wang Wanlu   

  1. School of International Relations, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2020-11-19 Revised:2020-12-23 Accepted:2021-01-05 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-10-12

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摘要： 自1985年成为南极条约协商国以来, 中国正式参与南极国际治理已有36年的历史。南极条约协商会议和南极海洋生物资源养护委员会会议是当前南极治理中最重要的两个机制, 亦是中国参与南极治理的主要平台。回溯参与南极治理的历史可以发现, 中国在经历学习规则、利用规则之后, 正尝试创制南极治理新规则。当前, 中国面临负面言论与制度性话语权较弱等挑战。我国应综合采用各种方式, 尽力减弱负面言论的影响, 扭转不利态势; 关注中小议题, 培养相关的外交人才和专家, 广泛参与到各类会间联络组, 逐渐获得制度性话语权。

关键词: 南极治理, 中国参与, 极条约协商会议, 南极海洋生物资源养护委员会, 制度性话语权

Abstract:

Since becoming an Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party in 1985, China has been formally involved in Antarctic governance for 36 years. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) are the two most important mechanisms in Antarctic governance, and they are also the main platforms for China to participate in Antarctic governance. Looking back on China's participation in Antarctic governance shows that, after learning and using the rules, China is now trying to create new rules of Antarctic governance. At present, China is faced with challenges such as negative comments and weak institutional discourse power. China should try its best to weaken the influence of the negative comments and reverse containment in the Antarctic in a comprehensive way. China also should pay close attention to small and medium issues, cultivate relevant diplomatic talents and experts, widely participate in various Intersessional Contact Groups and gradually gain institutional discourse power.

Key words: Antarctic governance, China’s participation, ATCM, CCAMLR, institutional discourse power