极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 421-437.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240042

所属专题： 中国极地考察40周年

• 研究综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极罗斯海陆架的冰-海-海底多圈层相互作用的探测研究现状

高金耀1,2,陈焱琨1,董超1,李锐祥1,蔡晓仙2,3,岳梅4, 李娜2,王琦森1   

  1. 1自然资源部海洋环境探测与应用重点实验室,  广东 广州 510300; 
    2自然资源部第二海洋研究所, 浙江 杭州 310012; 
    3山东科技大学, 地球科学与工程学院,  山东 青岛 266000; 
    4中国地质调查局军民融合地质调查中心,  四川 成都 610036
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2024-09-30 发布日期:2024-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 陈焱琨, E-mail: easiechen@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42176067, 41576069)资助

Exploration and study of ice-sea-seafloor multi-layer interaction on the Ross Sea continental shelf, Antarctica

GAO Jinyao1,2, CHEN Yankun1, DONG Chao1, LI Ruixiang1, LIU Tongmu1, CAI Xiaoxian3, 2,#br# YUE Mei4, LI Na2, WANG Qisen1   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Exploration and Application, MNR, Guangzhou 510300, China;
    2 Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China;
    3 School of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China;
    4 Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610036, China
  • Received:2024-04-15 Revised:2024-07-15 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-09-30

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摘要： 本文重点围绕罗斯海冰川进退历史，从多圈层相互作用的角度，分别就罗斯海陆架裂谷活动、冷暖水交换通道和冰架受各种灾害性外力影响及底栖生物分布/哺乳动物活动情况，分析并总结相应的探测现状和研究认识。罗斯海及周边拥有南极板块内最活跃的构造、火山及岩浆活动，其对历史上陆架冰盖进退和现代冰架动态平衡的直接影响还鲜有研究，但陆架的沉积构造、向外生长和地形地貌显示了强大的冰川地质作用。目前罗斯冰架的动态平衡和冷水珊瑚及其它底栖生物群落的分布规律，与集中于陆架上三大冰蚀槽的冷水团和绕极深层水的物质及热量交换密切相关，同时美国部署在罗斯冰架上地震仪和韩国部署在特拉诺瓦湾外的水听器还监测显示，来自太平洋方向的地震、火山、海啸和风暴的机械作用施加给罗斯冰架的影响也不容小觑。无论从冰川的进退历史，还是从目前冰架受到的影响来看，罗斯海冰蚀槽、外陆架及坡折带的探测相对匮乏，建议开展多学科联合的探测研究，并聚焦三大冰蚀槽的长期潜标和OBS观测和监测，以解剖历史上罗斯海冰盖进退和目前罗斯冰架动态平衡的调节机制。

关键词: 罗斯海, 大陆架, 罗斯冰架, 冰蚀槽, 水听器, 海底地震仪

Abstract: Focusing on the glacial advance and retreat history in the Ross Sea, and from the perspective of multi-layer interaction, this paper analyzes and summarizes the exploration status and research understanding on the West Antartic Rift System, cold and warm water exchange channels, various disastrous external forces affecting on the Ross Ice Shelf, and distribution of benthos or activities of mammals. The tectonic, volcanic and magmatic activities in the Ross Sea and its surrounding areas are the most active in the Antarctic plate, and their direct influence on the advance and retreat of ancient ice sheets on the shelf and the dynamic balance of the modern ice shelf has been rarely studied, but the sedimentary structure, outward growth and topography/geomorphology of the shelf display strong glacial-geological processes. The current dynamic balance of the Ross Ice Shelf and the distribution law of cold water corals and other benthic organisms are closely related to the exchange of mass and heat between the Modified Circumpolar Deep Water and the cold Antarctic Bottom Water along the three major ice erosion troughs. Meanwhile, the monitoring of seismographs laid by the United States on the Ross Ice Shelf and hydrophones deployed by South Korea offshore of the Terra Nova Bay shows that the mechanical effects of earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and storms from the Pacific Ocean on the Ross Ice Shelf can not be underestimated. Viewing from the glacial advance and retreat history or the current ice shelf openness, the exploration and research of the outer Ross Sea shelf and its shoulder and slope is still basically blank In order to dissect the adjustment mechanisms for both the advance and retreat of ancient ice sheets on the shelf and the dynamic balance of the Ross Ice Shelf at present, it is suggested that China should strengthen the multidisciplinary survey, observation and monitoring in this region, and carry out long-term observation of subsurface buoy and OBS along the three major ice erosion troughs.

Key words: Ross Sea, continental Shelf, Ross Ice Shelf, ice erosion trough, hydrophone, ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)