极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 555-568.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230062

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极斯匹次卑尔根群岛巴耶尔瓦河及邻近王湾水体溶解甲烷分布、通量及其影响因素

张自强1,杜冠祥尹航2,朱卓毅3,张瑞峰4,金杰3,张国森2,张桂玲1   

  1. 1中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心和海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100; 
    2青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237; 
    3上海交通大学海洋学院, 上海 200030; 
    4华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062

  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 修回日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 张桂玲
  • 作者简介:张自强, 男, 1998年生。硕士研究生, 主要从事海洋溶解温室气体的生物地球化学循环研究。E-mail: zhangzq@ stu.ouc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目;上海市极地前沿科学研究极地和上海交通大学特区计划

Distributions, fluxes and influencing factors of dissolved CH4 in the Kongsfjorden and the Bayelva river in Spitsbergen, Arctic#br#

ZHANG Ziqiang1, 2, DU Guanxiang1, 2, YIN Hang1, ZHU Zhuoyi3, ZHANG Ruifeng3, JIN Jie4, ZHANG Guosen4, ZHANG Guiling1, 2   

  1. 1 Center for Frontier Science of Deep Oceanosphere and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
    2 Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China;
    3 School of Oceanology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
    4 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2023-10-09 Revised:2024-01-30 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2025-01-15

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摘要： 甲烷(CH4)是大气中重要的温室气体, 北极地区由于快速升温引起冻土带融化, 已成为全球释放CH4的热点区域。本文分别于2013年8月和2015年8月北极黄河站考察期间, 对北极斯匹次卑尔根群岛新奥尔松地区的王湾和巴耶尔瓦河(Bayelva River)等不同水环境进行了调查, 对水体中溶解CH4的分布特征、释放通量及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明: 2013年8月和2015年8月, 巴耶尔瓦河表层溶解CH4浓度范围分别为3.9~21.5 nmol·L–1和3.9~21.1 nmol·L–1, 平均值分别为(12.6±6.4) nmol·L–1和(7.0±6.9) nmol·L–1, 其CH4浓度大致呈现随河流流向逐渐升高的趋势; 王湾表层溶解CH4浓度范围分别为6.3~37.3 nmol·L–1和4.3~22.2 nmol·L–1, 平均值分别为(13.1±8.2) nmol·L–1和(12.0±5.4) nmol·L–1, 其CH4浓度水平分布大致呈现从湾顶向湾口方向先降低后升高的趋势。2013年8月, 王湾水体中CH4浓度范围为5.7~37.3 nmol·L–1, 平均值为(15.1±8.5) nmol·L–1, 其在水深100~250 m处出现CH4浓度高值, 可能是受到峡湾沉积物的释放和湾外海水输入的影响。北极斯匹次卑尔根群岛峡湾水体中CH4分布受到冰川融水输入、洋流混合和海底沉积物释放等因素的影响, 其过饱和特征使该地区水体成为大气中CH4的源。2013年8月和2015年8月, 王湾溶解CH4的海-气交换通量范围分别为0.4~12.4 µmol·(m2·d)–1和2.0~4.6 µmol·(m2·d)–1, 平均值分别为(3.5±3.4) µmol·(m2·d)–1和(3.2±0.9) µmol·(m2·d)–1。

关键词: 北极, 峡湾, 甲烷, 冰川融水, 河流

Abstract: Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, and the melting of permafrost caused by rapid warming in the Arctic has become a global hotspot for CH4 emissions. The distributions and fluxes of CH4 were investigated in the Kongsfjorden and the Bayelva River of the Ny-Ålesund of the Spitsbergen, during the Arctic Yellow River Station expeditions in August 2013 and August 2015. Dissolved CH4 concentrations in the surface water of the Bayelva River were 3.9~21.5 nmol·L–1 (average (12.6±6.4) nmol·L–1) and 3.9~21.1 nmol·L–1 (average 7.0±6.9 nmol·L–1) in August 2013 and August 2015, respectively, showing a general trend of increase downward. Dissolved CH4 concentrations in the Qingchuan and Bayelva River varied greatly in time and space, and were mainly influenced by basin area and the interaction of glacial meltwater input with sediment and atmosphere. Dissolved CH4 in the surface water of the Kongsfjorden was 6.3~37.3 nmol·L–1(average (13.1±8.2) nmol·L–1) and 4.3~22.2 nmol·L–1 (average (12.0±5.4) nmol·L–1) in August 2013 and August 2015, respectively, with higher values in the head and the mouth of the fjord and lower values in the middle of the fjord. Dissolved CH4 in the water column of Kongsfjorden was 5.7~37.3 nmol·L–1 (average (15.1±8.5) nmol·L–1) in August 2013. High CH4 concentrations were observed at the water depths of 100~250 m, mainly influenced by the release from the sediments and the transport of methane from the shelf water into the fjord. The distributions of methane in the fjord of the Spitsbergen were influenced by glacial meltwater inputs, mixing of water masses and seafloor sediments. Because of the oversaturation of dissolved CH4, Kongsfjorden and the Bayelva River were sources of atmospheric CH4. The air-sea CH4 fluxes of the surface waters of the Kongsfjorden were 0.4~12.4 nmol·L–1 (average (3.5±3.4) µmol·(m2·d)–1) and 2.0~4.6 µmol·(m2·d)–1 (average (3.2±0.9) µmol·(m2·d)–1) in August 2013 and August 2015, respectively.

Key words: Arctic, fjord, methane, glacier meltwater, river