极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 157-167.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20180064

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极Austre Lovénbreen和Pedersenbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中金属元素分布特征和来源研究

王丹赫1,2  马红梅2  林建伟1   

  1. 1. 上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院, 上海 201306;
    2. 中国极地研究中心, 上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-15 修回日期:2019-01-09 出版日期:2019-06-30 发布日期:2019-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 马红梅
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41276202)、国家野外科学观测研究台站-中山站-冰川(1301203)资助

Spatial distribution and source of metals in surface soils of the forelands of the Austre Lovénbreen and Pedersenbreen Glaciers, Svalbard, Arctic

Wang Danhe1,2, Ma Hongmei2, Lin Jianwei1   

  • Received:2018-11-15 Revised:2019-01-09 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-06-30
  • Contact: Hong-Mei MA

PDF (PC)

687

摘要：

北极斯瓦尔巴德(Svalbard)群岛是研究人类活动对全球生态环境影响的重要地区之一, 而了解该地生态环境的现状对揭示人类活动影响下全球生态环境的变化具有重要的科学意义。为此, 本研究采集了位于Svalbard群岛新奥尔松(Ny-Ålesund)的Austre Lovénbreen和Pedersenbreen冰川前沿的表层土壤, 对元素Ni、Pb、V、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al和Fe的含量和分布特征进行了研究, 并对这些金属元素的来源进行了初步探讨。结果表明, Austre Lovénbreen冰川表层土壤中金属元素平均含量表现为Cu＜Pb＜Ni＜V＜Zn＜Mn＜Al＜Fe, Pedersenbreen冰川表层土壤中金属元素的平均含量表现为Ni＜Pb＜V＜Cu＜Zn＜Mn＜Al＜Fe。Austre Lovénbreen和Pedersenbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中金属元素的变异系数值分别位于0.13—0.45和0.12—0.98。Austre Lovénbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Ni、Pb、V、Mn、Al和Fe等元素的平均含量与Pedersenbreen冰川相近, 但Pedersenbreen冰川前沿的表层土壤中Cu和Zn的平均含量要远远高于Austre Lovénbreen冰川。Pedersenbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Pb的高富集因子点靠近人类活动区域。经主成分分析, Austre Lovénbreen冰川和Pedersenbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Ni、V、Al和Fe源于母岩风化, Mn除来源于母岩风化外还可能受到了人类活动的影响。Austre Lovénbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Pb源于母岩风化, 但Pedersenbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Pb除母岩风化源外还可能受到人为活动的影响。Austre Lovénbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Cu和Zn源于母岩风化, 而Pedersenbreen冰川前沿表层土壤中Cu和Zn可能来源于土壤风化和母岩输送过程中的元素分馏。

关键词: 北极, 冰川, 土壤, 金属元素, 富集因子, 主成分, 来源

Abstract:

Svalbard, an Arctic archipelago, is an important area for research aimed at clarifying the effects of human activities on the global ecological environment. We collected surface soils in the forelands of the Austre Lovénbreen and Pedersenbreen glaciers, to investigate the content and distribution characteristics of several metals (Ni, Pb, V, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al and Fe) in the soil, and the possible sources of these metals. The average content of metals in surface soils at Austre Lovénbreen increased in the order of Cu<Pb<Ni<V<Zn<Mn< Al<Fe, and at Pedersenbreen they increased in the order of Ni<Pb<V<Cu<Zn<Mn<Al<Fe. The coefficients of variation of metals in surface soils of the forelands at Austre Lovénbreen and Pedersenbreen glaciers were 0.13–0.45 and 0.12–0.98, respectively. The average concentrations of Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Al and Fe at Austre Lovénbreen were similar to those at Pedersenbreen, but the average contents of Cu and Zn at the latter glacier were much higher. The high Pb enrichment factor for soil sampled from Pedersenbreen was close to that found in areas of human activity. Principal component analysis showed that Ni, V, Al and Fe in the surface soils of both glacier forelands were mainly associated with parent-rock weathering, whereas Mn likely originated from parent-rock weathering and human emissions. The results also indicated that Pb in the surface soils at Austre Lovénbreen derived from parent-rock weathering, while at Pedersenbreen Pb derived from parent-rock weathering and was augmented by human activities; Cu and Zn in surface soils at Austre Lovénbreen likely originated from parent-rock weathering, while at Pedersenbreen those metals may have originated from elemental fractionation during parent-rock weathering and the transport process.

Key words: Arctic, glacier, soil, metal, enrichment factor, principal component, source