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30 September 2013, Volume 25 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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ANTARCTIC DEM FROM ERS-1 AND ICESAT DATA Wang Zemin，Xiong Yunqi，Yang Yuande，E Dongchen 2013, 25 (3):  211-217.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00211 Abstract ( 1650 )   PDF (5205KB) ( 1711 )   Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of Antarctic ice sheet play a very important role in Antarctic research, and the main data source for constructing an Antarctic DEM is satellite altimetry.Among these data, ERS-1/GM has a complementary relationship with ICESAT in spatial resolution and accuracy, and the premise to obtain high resolution and high accuracy is a combination of these two types of data. The article found an approach to combine the data, which was used to construct the Antarctic DEM. Finally, ICESAT discrete data and RAMP / DEM v2 was used to evaluate the accuracy of the integrated DEM, and the results show that the elevation accuracy of integrated DEM is about 4m.   References | Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON MULTIYEAR VARIATIONS OF SEA ICE IN THE LAPTEV SEA OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN Yao Wenjun，Zhao Jinping 2013, 25 (3):  218-225.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00218 Abstract ( 1775 )   PDF (2475KB) ( 1522 )   The Laptev Sea is an important marginal sea and ice source region which has a significant influence on sea ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean. Multi-year variations of sea ice in Laptev Sea within ten years (2002—2011) are studied by analyzing the AMSR-E sea ice concentration data also the NECP-DOE wind and temperature data. During the ten years, sea ice in the Laptev Sea underwent a course from heavy ice year to light ice year. There was a good relation between ice condition and the ice melting duration, which shows that the longer the duration was, the lighter the ice condition was. Four parameters, including indices of sea ice anomaly, minimum ratio of sea ice coverage, accumulated temperature and wind indices, are defined to describe the multi-year variations of sea ice in the Laptev Sea. Indices of sea ice anomaly are time-averaged (from March to November) value of sea ice coverage ratio, which quantitatively express ice condition. Minimum ratio of sea ice coverage shows the extreme condition of sea ice in summertime, which usually occurred between late August and early October with a magnitude among 0.45%~48.73%. Accumulated temperature, which represents the last wintertime impact of atmospheric temperature, is the prime factor influencing the ice condition of current year. The heavy ice year of 2008 resulted from the strongly low temperature of last wintertime. Wind indices represent the short-term impact to sea ice coverage in Laptev Sea from wind forcing. In contrast to the same period of other years, anomaly of northerly wind appeared in April 2006 and September 2007, which to some extent gave rise to postponing the onset of ice melting in 2006 and to positive anomaly of sea ice coverage in summer, 2007. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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THE MAIN MODES OF ARCTIC SEA ICE AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION Zhang Tao，Liu Xiying，Hu Xiaoming 2013, 25 (3):  226-233.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00226 Abstract ( 1861 )   PDF (6677KB) ( 1593 )   Thirty-one years of monthly mean CFSR(The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)  SIC (sea ice concentration) and SLP (sea level pressure) data and multivariate experience orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analysis are used to document the coupled main modes of sea ice and atmospheric circulation, And the temperature, geopotential height and wind field in regression analysis to further explore the relationship between sea ice and atmospheric circulation. The first mode of SLP resembles the structure of AO (Arctic oscillation), and the SIC show a dipolar structure between the American part and the Eurasia part of Arctic. When AO in its positive phase, there is negative sea ice anomaly in kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea and Sea of Okhotsk, and positive sea ice anomaly in Baffin Bay, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea and Bering Sea. And the polar vortex at 500pha, meridional circulation and jet stream at 200hpa are enhanced, on the contrary, when AO in is negative phase, the west Arctic sea ice increase and the east Arctic sea ice decrease, and the polar vortex at 500hpa, meridional circulation and jet stream and 200hpa are weakened. The second mode indicates the long-term trend of sea ice and atmospheric circulation. And in 90’s there was a abrupt change, after this time, the sea ice Continuing decline, SLP depress. 500hpa East Asian trough weakened North American trough increase. The third mode of SLP is a dipolar structure and sea ice has seesaw structure between Barents Sea, GIN (Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian) sea, Fram Strait and Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Beaufort Sea and sea of Okhotsk. The main coupled period of sea ice and atmospheric is a interdecadal period about 10 to 20 years. And AO mostly influence the sea ice though dynamics, but the dipolar has both dynamic and thermodynamic influence on sea ice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENT OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR ARCTIC AIR-SEA INTERFACE Li Xiang，Wu Huiding，Yang Qinghua，Sui Cuijuan，Li Yan 2013, 25 (3):  234-240.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00234 Abstract ( 1712 )   PDF (3671KB) ( 1258 )   In this paper, an Arctic Single-Column Model (ARCSCM) of Colorado University is used to simulate the Arctic surface radiation and energy budget during the summertime. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with the SHEBA measurements. Sensitivity analyses are performed to test microphysical and radiative parameterizations in this model. The results show that ARCSCM model is able to simulate the surface radiation and energy budget in Arctic during the summertime, and the different parameterizations have a significant influence to the results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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RESEARCH ON HEAT FLOW DISTRIBUTION AND GAS HYDRATEECONOMIC POTENTIAL IN ANTARCTICA MARGINS Wang Lifeng，Deng Xiguang，Sha Zhibin，Wu Lushan，Yang Yong 2013, 25 (3):  241-248.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00241 Abstract ( 2007 )   PDF (2195KB) ( 1438 )   Recent systematical studies show that natural gas hydrate reservoirs identified by the presence of many characteristic geophysical indicators, are highly likely to occur in the continental margins of Antarctica. At the same time, the factor evaluation of several geological conditions which include pressure and temperature, tectonics and sedimentation, are favorable for the hydrocarbon containing fluid migration and the gas hydrate accumulation. So based on the previous scientific background information and heat flow dataset acquired from IHFC (International Heat Flow Commission), we describe the heat flow distribution, analyze the possible gas hydrate thickness and then estimate gas hydrate amount by using the volumetric integration. The result shows that while the average heat flow in Antarctica continental margins is 85.9 mW/m2, higher than the values in the other else gas hydrate sites, the pressure caused by the massive water depth ensures the stabilization of gas hydrate in the sediments. The total volume of gas hydrate estimated, in Antarctica continental margins region of about ~106 km2 extension, is in a range of 0.97×1013–1.63×1013 m3, a considerable economic potential for future energy utilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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CLONING OF THE β-GALACTOSIDASE GENES FROM MARINOMONAS SP. BSI20584 by hiTAIL-PCR Zhou Lili，Chen Ruiqin，Chen Xiulan，Zeng Yinxin，Chen Bo 2013, 25 (3):  249-256.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00249 Abstract ( 1495 )   PDF (1957KB) ( 1381 )   A complete gene of a β-galactosidase was isolated from Marinomonas sp. BSi20584 by hiTAIL-PCR(high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced). A pair of primes were designed according to online conserved regions in other β-galactosidases.The conversed fragment of β-galactosidase was gained by PCR. The N-terminal DNA sequence was amplified by PCR using primers based on N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. Upstream and downstream of sequences already obtained and named nbs were gained  by hiTAIL-PCR. In the end , the whole gene was amplified by primers designed according to the assembly DNA sequences. In this article the β-galactosidase gene was successfully isolated and was 1971bp. NCBI blast indicated it was a new member of glycosylhydrolase family 42. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDIES ON RESPONSE OF ARCTIC MICROALGAE TO CHANGE OF IRRADIANCE,  APPLYING TWO KINDS OF FLUORESCENT TECHNIQUES Wang Xiaoying，He Jianfeng，Guang Yingzhi，Li Juanying，Zhang Fang 2013, 25 (3):  257-267.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00257 Abstract ( 1502 )   PDF (3692KB) ( 1259 )   This work investigated fluorescence characteristic of two kinds of arctic algae (Heterocapsa arctica and Rhodomonas sp.) by two kinds of fluorescence techniques in vivo including Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) and fluorescence spectrum. The main results are as follows: (1) the photosynthetic physiology of two kinds of algae were similar under the three kinds of irradiance (5000 lux 15000 lux and 25000 lux); the irradiance is stronger, the value of the Fv/Fm and photosynthetic efficiency are higher; under 25000 lux, they were in stress state, but their endurance capacity was enhanced. (2) the fluorescence intensity of Chl a of the two kinds of algae is highest under 15000lux; the fluorescence intensity of Chl a reduced on 15000lux; Carotenoids and Peridinins were the effective pigments for the survival of Heterocapsa arctica under 15000lux; phycobilin and Chl c had a positive effect on maintain the existence of Rhodomonas sp. under 5000 lux and 15000 lux. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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ANALYSIS OF WEATHER AND SEA ICE AT THE ANTARCTIC GREAT WALL STATION IN 2012 Yang Qinghua，Zhang Benzheng，Li Ming，Meng Shang 2013, 25 (3):  268-277.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00268 Abstract ( 1728 )   PDF (3859KB) ( 1489 )   Based on the observation at Great Wall Station (GWS) in 2012, the meteorology and sea ice parameters are analyzed compared with the climate statistics from 1985 to 2010. Firstly, the annual air pressure and temperature are lower, the N-W wind is less frequent while the E-SE wind is much more frequent than the climatic mean. The fog occurs significantly less, while the falling snow and blowing snow is significantly higher than the normal level. Secondly, the Antarctic atmospheric circulation is analyzed to explain the GWS weather anomalies happened in 2012. Finally, it shows that the sea ice in the Great Wall Bay is in an instability status which is more likely affected by the atmospheric dynamics. Three frozen periods and three partial frozen periods occurred in 2012. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ALGORITHM BASED ON THE 24TH CRUISE OF CHINARE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE 26TH CRUISE Chen Haiying，Jiang Mengzhen，Hao Zengzhou，Liang Ji，Xu Suqing，Chen Liqi，Xie Xin 2013, 25 (3):  278-283.  Abstract ( 1282 )   PDF (2558KB) ( 1280 )   An algorithm was built by statistical regression using the data of atmospheric CO2 along the tract during the 24th CHINARE (Chinese National Arctic and Antarctic Administation) and the AIRS’s radiance. The verification points around latitude 60°south were picked up and the average error was 1.09%, which precise is higher than GOSAT that is special satellite to observe the atmospheric CO2. The AIRS’s radiance, which position and time are near to the 26th cruises’, was put into the algorithm. The average error was 2.12%. It is shown that the algorithm basing on regression statistic has some limitation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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ADVANCES IN CARBON-CYCLE RESEARCH FOR PRYDZ BAY, THE ANTARCTICA Zhang Fan，Gao Zhongyong，Sun Heng 2013, 25 (3):  284-293.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00284 Abstract ( 1728 )   PDF (1915KB) ( 1510 )   Prydz Bay is a typical area of ocean carbon research in the Sourthern Ocean. It is also a key research area in Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). We comprehensively expounded the carbon cycle characteristics in the Prydz Bay by primary productivity, nutrient, chlorophyll, air - sea CO2 flux, particle organic carbon (POC) export flux from the euphotic zone and net community productivity (NCP). The efficiency of the biological pump and the sea ice processes are the main influence factors of the carbon uptaking of Prydz Bay. Generally, awarding to the carbon cycle parameters, the Prydz Bay could be divided into the inside and outside regions and the carbon cycling characteristics are obvious diverse.The inside area is a high productivity area in the Southern Ocean, in which the carbon cycle processes are active. However, the outside area shows a high nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) characteristics, which may be caused by the iron limited. In general, all parameters including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), POC, nutrient, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and CO2 partial pressure  (pCO2) shows a general increasing or decreasing distributions with latitude variation. The carbon cycle mainly seriously affected by the advance and retreat of the sea ice. In the summer, the increasing biological productivity in the surfaceprimary resulted from the ice alage released and the stability of water column enhanced after the ice retreated. Overall, the carbon cycle of the Prydz Bay commonly controlled by the biological physical processes and their coupling effect, which has important implications for the carbon cycle mechanism research in the southern ocean. Related Articles | Metrics

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TYPES AND STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN THE ARCTIC REGION：EVIDENCE FROM CIRCUM-ARCTIC GEOLOGICAL PROFILES Mao Xiang，Li Jianghai,Yang Jingyi 2013, 25 (3):  294-303.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00294 Abstract ( 1865 )   PDF (4481KB) ( 2107 )   The Arctic region, including the Arctic Ocean, Eurasia and Amasia continents, and a series of islands, is rich in oil and gas resources. The extreme climate and a water depth over 1200m make it difficult to perceive most of the basins in circle-Arctic region. These basins’ structure and evolution can be better understood with systematic analysis and comparative study which reveal the tectonic system in large scale. A 13,000 km long profile, which goes through Timan- Pechora and other 14 basins or massifs, is finely drawn to show the region’s tectonic evolution. Some profiles from adjacent areas were used for reference for lack of data. Some parts of the profile were inferred from stratigraphy and structure of its both ends. Most basins in this profile are superimposed basins, including cratonic basin, rift basin, foreland basin and passive continental margin basin. The sedimentary thickness varies greatly in different basins-from 4km in Laptev Sea Basin (Mesozoic to Cenozoic) to 15km in East Barents Sea Basin (Paleozoic-Cenozoic). The North Atlantic and Mid-Arctic Ridges divide the Arctic region into Eurasia Plate and North America Plate. A majority of the basins belong to the continent or its extended part towards the Arctic Ocean (continental shelf). The basins’ evolution is controlled by the movement of the Baltic Plate, Siberian Plate and Lauren Supercontinent since Phanerozoic. Caledonian movement, Ellesmerian movement, Hercynian (Uralian) movement and the Atlantic spreading had significant influences on the basins in circle-Arctic region, which is responded by the change of basin types and alteration of sedimentation rates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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PETROLEUM GEOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECT OF BASIN GROUPS IN ARCTIC REGION Yang Jingyi，Li Jianghai，Mao Xiang 2013, 25 (3):  304-314.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2013.00304 Abstract ( 1764 )   PDF (7005KB) ( 1313 )   As undiscovered, technically recoverable resources, there are over 400 billion barrels of oil(equivalent) in Arctic region which plays a significant role in future exploration and exploitation. This paper divided the Arctic region into Arctic sea area and circum-Arctic petroliferous basins based on geographic and geologic factor. Three basin groups- North Pacific basin group, Russian basin group and Western Europe basin group constitute the circum-Arctic petroliferous area according to tectonic evolution and the basin development history. Based on IHS data base and other information, this paper analyses the petroleum characteristics with paleoenvironment. The primary source rock in North Pacific basin group formed in Jurassic and Cretaceous. Main reservoir located in Brookian Sequence mostly. Basins in Russian basin group have Paleozoic basement. 60% of the source rock and major reservoir which composed by marine sediment are from Mesozoic while the significant cap rock located in Mesozoic. Western Europe basin group's source rock and reservoir both located in Mesozoic up to the expansion and move of North Atlantic Ocean Ridge. Self-generating is the main hydrocarbon accumulation mode. Russian basin group has a majority reserves which occupies over 45% in total reserves and contains great exploration potential. References | Related Articles | Metrics