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30 March 2011, Volume 23 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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PROGRESSES OF RESEARCH ON POLAR METEOROLOGICAL SCIENCES IN CHINA OVER THE LAST THIRD DECADES LIU Long-Hua, BIAN Lin-Gen 2011, 23 (1):  1-10.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00001 Abstract ( 2823 )   PDF (458KB) ( 2606 )   Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive regions in global climate change, and also the key regions of global change research. The great progress on scientific investigation and research of atmosphere in polar region has been made in recent 30 years. Through the research, the primary understanding to the relation between polar region and global change was derived. Especially the space time variety of clim ate change of Antarctic and Arctic regions is disclosed. Operational weather forecast system of polar region investigation was established. Sea ice Change and impact on atmosphere of polar region are diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers of, and change of atmosphere ozone in the polar region are discussed. The possible impact on chan ge of atmospheric environment of polar region to circulation of east Asia and climate of China has been studied with great progress. Related Articles | Metrics

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PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN THE SURFACE WATER OF SOUTH OCEAN AND PRYDZ BAY DURING THE AUSTRAL SUMMER OF 2007/2008 AND 2008/2009 HAN Zheng-Bing, HU Chuan-Yu, XUE Bin, PAN Jan-Ming, ZHANG Hai-Sheng 2011, 23 (1):  11-18.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00011 Abstract ( 2557 )   PDF (1485KB) ( 1599 )   Making use of surface water observations and Prydz Bay fixedpoint observation, the particulate organic carbon (POC) distribution and influencing factors were investigated during the austral summer of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 (CHINARE 24 and CHINARE25). As it turns out, the distribution of surface particulate organic carbon in the southern ocean water showed significant regional characteristics, the content of surface water POC trended strongly related distribution with nutrient and chlorophyll a. The POC concentrations in surface water of Antarctic water and sub-Antarctic water were higher than ubtropical and tropical water. During 2007/2008, the POC average concentrations of subtropical & tropical water, sub-Antarctic water and the Antarctic water were 116.59,105.85 and 78.03 μg·dm-3, is a bit higher than 9.36, 59.39 and 71.54 μg·dm-3 in 2008/2009. The annual seasonal variation of POC in Southern Ocean surface was influenced by many factors. The range of the concentration of POC respectively were 12.78—363.73 μg·dm-3 and 24.38—446.40 μg·dm-3 in Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas, in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The surface POC concentration decreased offshore. A high positive correlation between POC and chlorophyll a was found in the shelf and slope area, also outside the Prydz Bay. The correlation coefficients in these waters were 0.8248, 0.8049 and 0.6989, respectively, revealing that POC mainly comprised pelagic organisms. The vertical distribution of POC was influenced by light intensity, nutrients and currents, and the physical and biological coupling effect. In Prydz Bay, the maximum of vertical dis tribution of POC was found at surface, while the maximum was at subsurface water outside the bay. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE STUDY ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENTS REGENERATION IN PRYDZ BAY, THE SOUTHERN OCEAN HU Chuan-Yu, XUE Bin, XU Pei-Song, SUN Wei-Ping 2011, 23 (1):  19-25.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00019 Abstract ( 2539 )   PDF (700KB) ( 1504 )   Based on the results of in situ incubation experiment in CHINARE-22 cruise (2005.11—2006.3), the degradation process of organic compounds of Prydz Bay was investigated. According to the data of DO change and nutrient regeneration, the oxygen consumption rate of degradation process and release rate of phosphate, ammonium and silicate were estimated. The results show that the dissolved oxygen in the system decreased linearly with time in the initial stage and, however, gave a nonobvious decrease in the late stage. Contrarily the contents of nutrients increased during the initial stage. The oxygen consumption rate of III-10 was 92.592 mg/m2·h in 100 h, and the release rate of phosphate, ammonium and silicate were 107.15, 65.10, 351.93 μmol/m2·h, respectively. The oxygen consumption rate of IS-2 was 77.927 mg/m2·h in 50 hs, and after 50 h, the rate was reduced to 21.142 mg/m2·h. The release rate of phosphate, ammonium and silicate of IS-2 in the initial 50 h were 43.61, 137.32, 60.89 μmol/m2·h,  respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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APPLICATION OF BIOGENIC SILICA ON RECONSTRUCTION OF PALAEOPRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN EAST ANTARCTICA LAKES JIANG Shan, LIU Xiao-Dong, XU Li-Qiang, SUN Li-Guang 2011, 23 (1):  26-34.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00026 Abstract ( 2355 )   PDF (2057KB) ( 1937 )   Two sediment cores, collected from Mochou Lake and Daming Lake in the area of Antarctic Zhongshan Station, were analyzed for some biogeochemical parameters such as biogenic silica, organic matter etc. Based on the synthetically comparative researches, we focused on the potential application of biogenic silica on the reconstruction of ecoenvironmental changes recorded in the east Antarctica lake sediments. The results showed that a large number of diatoms were well preserved in the freshwater lake sediments in east Antarctic, and the concentrations of biogenic silica displayed notable fluctuations versus depth. The contents of organic matter etc had almost consistent vertical change patterns with biogentic silica, reflecting their common ecoenvironmental implications. The low levels of above biochemical proxies reflected the reduction of lake algal production, corresponding to the decreased lake primary productivity. Overall, for the fragile lake ecosystem and exposed bedrock around in East Antarctic, the contents of biogenic silica in the sediments can sensitively indicate the evolution of palaeolake primary productivity, and thus it is an ideal proxy for the reconstruction of past eco-environmental changes recorded in the east Antarctic lacustrine sediments. Related Articles | Metrics

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ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEAL EXCREMENT SEDIMENT FROM FILDES PENINSULA, WESTERN ANTARCTICA HUANG Jing, SUN Li-Guang, WANG Xin-Ming, WANG Yu-Hong 2011, 23 (1):  35-41.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00035 Abstract ( 2033 )   PDF (639KB) ( 1685 )   We performed organic geochemical analysis on a sediment core HN1 from Fildes Peninsula in King George Island, Western Antarctica. The results showed that the aliphatic hydrocarbons were mainly consisted of shortchain n-alkanes which likely derived from algae and bacteria and n-C23 which likely derived from moss. Meanwhile, the concentration of fecal sterols and phytol which mainly came f rom seal feces and vegetation were high in the alcohols and the fluctuations of them in the catchment core might respond to the historical of zoology changes near the sediment. Furthermore, the evencarbon fatty acids, such as n-C16, n-C18 and n-C24, dominated alkenoic acids and they principally originated from bacteria, moss or zooplankton. However, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids was low. And they were mainly predominated by C16∶1and C18∶1 acids which showed good preservation and simple sourses of the sediment . In summary, the organic geochemical compositions indicated that the organic matters of HN1 sediment were well protected and mainly derived from seal feces.And the sedimentary environment of HN1 changed in different depths with active bacteria and fungi. Related Articles | Metrics

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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE MESOSCALE EDDY KINETIC ENERGY IN THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT REGION AND ITS TRANSLATION MECHANISM ZHANG Wen-Xia, MENG Xiang-Feng 2011, 23 (1):  42-48.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00042 Abstract ( 2505 )   PDF (2488KB) ( 1788 )   Several dataset are used to study the interannual variability of the mesoscale eddies in the ACC (Antarctic Circumpolar Current) region. Analysis of AVISO data (Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellites Oceanographic data) reveals that seasonal variability of EKE (Eddy Kinetic Energy) is barely discernible in this area, but its interannual variability is significant. Analysis of zonal wind stress and the interannual abnormal event of SAM (Southern Annular Mode) shows that maximum/minimum of zonal wind stress occurs around 3 years ahead of EKE maximum/minimum, lag and strength of the EKE response depend on the strength of wind stress anomaly. In addition, we also use ECCOJPL temperature and salinity data to calculate the distribution of baroclinic energy conversion rate in the ACC region. Based on this we analyze the energy transfer between wind field and the background ocean in interannual time scales. Based on the above analysis, we consider that the interannual variability of the ACC mesoscale eddies is contributed to the SAMrelated wind stress, which causes the variation of ACC transport and tilt of isopycnal surface. And this causes the variation of baroclinic energy conversion rate from the background ocean to mesoscale eddy, leading to the interannual variability of mesoscale eddies. Related Articles | Metrics

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A STUDY ON THE MULTISTRATEGYBASED INTEGRATION OF POLAR REMOTE SENSING INVERSION MODEL HE Ya-Wen, YANG Xiao-Mei, GAO Xi-Zhang, ZHU Jian-Gang, LIU Jian 2011, 23 (1):  49-55.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00049 Abstract ( 2851 )   PDF (3448KB) ( 3217 )   Remote Sensing Inversion Model is a very important tool for polar research. This  paper points out the importance of remote sensing inversion model for polar res earch,and analyzes the characteristics of the remote sensing inversion mode. Sub sequently,this study proposes the integration architecture of remote sensing inv ersion model based on the targets of sustained,business and integration access. Based on the integration architecture,this study put forwards the multistrateg ybased model modification and encapsulation method,and the integration models of remote sensing inversion model are discussed in detail from three aspects. Fi nally,experimental remote sensing inversion models are modified and encapsulated  based on the EXEbased model modification and encapsulation method,and the int egration prototype system of remote sensing model is constructed,using the appli cation side model integration model,and the accuracy of integration methods is v erifier by the sea ice density inversion model. Related Articles | Metrics

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DEVELOPMENT AND DISCUSSION ON INFORMATION PLATFORM XUELONG ONLINE AI Song-Tao, E Dong-Chen, ZHU Jian-Gang, LI Sheng-Gui, WANG Da-Li, SHAN Xue-Wu, LIU Jian, LEI Jing 2011, 23 (1):  56-61.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00056 Abstract ( 2298 )   PDF (1299KB) ( 1876 )   Xuelong Online is an internet information platform connecting M/V Xuelong and the domestic, which automatically transferring GPS location data and scientific data from Xuelong to domestic server with Inmarsat BGAN, publishing the realtime data with Web GIS. The platform presents an information window for Chinese polar administration, expedition members, their families and the public. At the same  time the platform supports the voyage of Xuelong with sending some useful data to it such as daily sea ice maps. Since November 2009, Xuelong Online has provided functions for internet users including to view realtime Xuelong data, view planed voyage line, show the real navigation points in screen map, search one day’s real voyage, view the graphs of data, automatically pan the history voyage, publish the recent polar news and push data to Xuelong. Until now, the platform functions mainly focus on the data acquiring and presentation from Xuelong. In the future we will expand the functions benefiting to the navigation of Xuelong and improve the data exchange mechanism between the domestic and Xuelong. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF LONGTERM RESIDENCE ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT YAN Gong-Gu, WANG Tian-Le, ZHANG Xue-Min, XIA Yong-Jun, XIAO Qian, HUANG Zhi-Hua 2011, 23 (1):  62-67.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00062 Abstract ( 1743 )   PDF (343KB) ( 1563 )   The objective of this study was to determine whether there was significant change in cognitive performance by prolonged duration of residence in Antarctic environment. We examined 25th Chinese explorers who spent 12 months of continuous stay at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica .Cognitive measures (tests of shortterm recognition, memory searching and spatial cognition) were obtained in the summer (the first month, January 2009), at the preceding (March 2009), the beginning (April 2009) and the middle (June 2010) phases of winter in Antarctica. Repeatedmeasure ANOVA was conducted, with age controlled as a covariate. The tests of shortterm recognition and memory searching which measured shortterm memory showed stable performance over a longduration of residence in polar environment. Over 82% explorers showed that either the accuracy or reaction time of the task of space cognition was increased. The results of this study are of great significance to further study of the cognition performance in polar environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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USING MODIS SATELLITE DATA TO ANALYSE THE RELATIONSHIOP BETWEEN CHLOROPHYLL A AND AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH IN THE GREENLAND SEA QU Bo, LU Hai-Lang, Albert Gabric, LIN Dao-Rong, QIAN Feng, ZHAO Wei-Hua 2011, 23 (1):  68-76.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2011.00068 Abstract ( 2684 )   PDF (595KB) ( 3501 )   Arctic ecosystems and global climate are closely related. This paper studies the distributions and the coupling relationship between Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and aerosol optical thickness (AOD) in Greenland Sea (10°W—10°E, 70°N—85°N) during 2003—2009 using satellite ocean colour data from MODIS Aqua. The regression analysis of EViews shows that Chl a and AOD are correlated with a time lag. Based on the lag of Chl a and AOD, co-integration inquiry finds that there is co-integration between them, which means that they will have a long-term equilibrium relationship. In general, Chl a starts from March, and gradually increases to a peak in July. The peak of AOD is usually in May, 11 weeks before Chl a. After shifting the time lag, the correlation between Chl a and AOD is 0.98 in the spring in 80°N—85°N. Apart from the year of 2005, when Chl a and AOD had no time lag, the other years’ intervals increased about 6 weeks within the 7 years. The peaks of AOD shifted one and half months ahead, while Chl a also shifted about two months ahead. In northern part (75°N—85°N), Chl a and AOD were much higher in the summer and autumn of 2009 than those in other years. The reason could be the much larger ice melting and higher AOD. The results indicate that the global warming has significant impact on the ecosystem in the Arctic Ocean. Related Articles | Metrics