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    30 September 1990, Volume 2 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    THE SURFACE MASS BALANCE AND ITS VARIABILITY IN THE MIZUHO PLATEAU, 1987-1988, ANTARCTIC
    1990, 2 (3):  1-10. 
    Abstract ( 1705 )   PDF (717KB) ( 1108 )  

    Base on the surface mass accumulation data in year of 1987/88, both distribution and variability of annual mass balance on Mizuho Plateau have been discussed. The authors also studied how they were influenced by means of shortterm climatic and topographical variations. It is found that there are some big differences between the year of 1987/88 and other years. In the region below 550 m a.s.l. which is near the coast, the mass balance appeared as negative. For the distance of 80 km from S16 to inland the annual net mass balance was 0.84 m snow depth. From 80 km point to Mizuho Station, it is considered as low mass balance zone with only 0.14 m snow depth. In Mizuho Pla-.teau, the level of massbalance appears to be as low accumulation and low expenditure. The influences of shortterm climatic and topographical variations to the mass balance were more heavy in this year than in other years. In the high accumulation zone, the influence of the shortterm climatical variation is greater than that of topographical one, while in the low value zone, the latter is greater than the former.

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    MORPHOLOGIC ANALYSES OF THE SNOW CRYSTALS OF ANTARCTICA
    1990, 2 (3):  11-17. 
    Abstract ( 1608 )   PDF (978KB) ( 1064 )  

    During the second Antarctic Research Expedition of China (Dec. 1985 to Jen. 1987), the snow crystals was sampled at the Great Wall Station of China. There are altogether 303 samples collected through this year. They are belong to four races and nineteen subraces respectively. Time serise analyses evidence that the supercold water of the cloud related with those snow events has a certain bubble structure.

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    THE COASTAL PHENOMENA AROUND FILDES PENINSULA OF KING GEORGE ISLAND, SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS, ANTARCTICA
    1990, 2 (3):  18-26. 
    Abstract ( 1602 )   PDF (256KB) ( 1376 )  

    Field investigation of the modern coastal phenomena around the Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica permits us to suggest that there are three kinds of modern coastal features: fragmental coast, rock coast and ice cliff coast. The fragmental coast shows some peculiar high latitude landfbrms formed by wave action with floating ice. They are linear gravel ridges near back shore terrace, vertical gravel channels and ridges, pavements, graval pits and network structure in tideland. The typical features appear in tideland with gravel of 15-20 cm diameter and slope below 5°. Ice cliff coast is an important geomorphic element in polar area and has specific characteristics and process. Wave action is an important process for the ablat -ion of ice cliff coast and can accelerate the collapes of ice cliff. The raised coastal features belong to two groups, the younger and the older groups. The younger group is located below 20 meters above sea level and was formed in the Holocene (post-glatiation). The elevation of older group is approximately 20 meters above sea level and was formed during the last interglaciation or even earlier. The raising rate of Fildes Peninsula is 10.0 mm/a, which is larger than that of the margin of Antarctic Continent.

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    A STUDY ON CLASTIC MINERALS OF SURFACE SEDIMENTS IN THE SEA AREA NORTHWEST OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
    1990, 2 (3):  27-38. 
    Abstract ( 1700 )   PDF (2358KB) ( 1083 )  

    Clastic minerals of surface sediments recovered from 23 stations in the sea area northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula were analysed to determine the composition and distribution pattern of the minerals and their sources. This study focused on the clastic minerals of 0.063-0.125 mm size fraction. The average content of heavy minerals in the sediments is 7.3%. The minerals are mainly chinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, epidote, magnetite, ilmenite, pyrite, muscovitc, biotite, chlorite, olivine, oxyhorn-blende, garnet, zircon, apatite, rutite, volcanic glass, plagioclase, quartz, etc. Analysis and study were also made for traceclements and rareearth elements of the heavy sand minerals. These minerals are divided into three mineral associations according to their distribution pattern, i.e. (1) pyroxene-volcanic glass, (2) pyroxene-epidote-hornblende, and (3) pyroxene-epidotc-garnet associations, The minerals in this area are also localized in three zones, i.e. (1) the zone dominantly with basic volcanic clastic minerals, which is primarily located at surrounding sea off the south Shetland islands. (2) the zone dominantly with mid-acidie pyroclastic minerals, located at the western adjacent sea off the Antarctic peninsula and Bellingshausen sea. and (3) the zone with mixed the basic-volcanic clastic and metamorphic minerals, located at the eastern part off the south Shetland islands. Environment of the sedimentation were briefly discussed based on mineral investigation.

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    TERTIARY FLORA ON F1LDES PENINSULA OF KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA AND ITS ENVIRON-MENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
    1990, 2 (3):  39-45. 
    Abstract ( 1685 )   PDF (171KB) ( 1292 )  

    Some impressions of stems and leaves were found in the layers enbedded in the grey-purple volcanic debris on Fossil Hill, 1.5 km northwest of the Chinese Great Wall Station on Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, Antarctica. Analysis and identification of the fossils led us to find Banksia cf. oblongifolia Cav., Sterculia Sp., Paliurus Sp., cf. Araucaria Sp., Cupressites Sp. and etc., After the stratigraphic correlation of the layers containing the impressions and study of the characteristics of the fossils, we believe that the plants lived in late Eocene and early and middle Oligocene Epoches. Inaddition in this area Dicotylophyllum corifolium, Dicutylophyllum Sp. 1,D,sp. 2 were found, as Li Haomin (1988) reported. All leaves of these plants were leathered. The leaves of the fossils we found are leathered or saw-edged Banksia cf. oblongifolia and others. They are mainly distributed at present in Oceania of the Southern Hemisphere. Since Banksia tends to live in arid areas, the botany community may reflect sparse wood environments in temperate or subtropical zone, showing warm and arid climate. About the fossil leaf forms from King George Island were discribed by Barton (1963) in his report. 15 of the 21 Dicotyledonous leaf forms in the collections have non-entire margins, two have entire. Eleven of the 17 dicotyledonous leaf forms from the western king George Island have non-entire margins. All four described forms from eastern King George Island have non-entire margins. Most of the leaves from western King George Island are small. The non-entire margins and small leaf forms are also dominant in the leaf forms from Fossil Hill. The study shows that in modern temperate flora about 90 per cent of decotyledonous species have non-entire margins, and that the converse is usually true under tropical conditions. Present cool climates are also generally characterized by a higher proportion of small leaves. The preponderance of small non-entire fossil dicotyledonous leaves at King George Island seems to point towards a temperate climate.

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    WINTER CHARACTERISTICS OF Sq VARIATION OF GEOMAGNETIC FIELD AT THE CHINESE GREAT WALL STATION, ANTARCTICA
    1990, 2 (3):  46-52. 
    Abstract ( 1631 )   PDF (336KB) ( 975 )  

    In this paper an analysis is made on the winter characteristics of Sq variation of geomagnetic field in the region of the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica, using geomagnetic data from the geomagnetic observatory of The Chinese Great Wall Station (CGWS) during April-September, 1987. It is shown that (1) The morphology of Sq variation in early winter (Apr.) and late winter (Sep.) at CGWS is similar to that at Beijing Geomagnetic Observatory (BJO) at middle latitude of the Northern Hemisphere and may be controlled by the midlatitude dynamo currents. Amplitude of Sq variation is very small, and the variation is maily the harmonics of 8 hours or shorter periods in midwinter (June and July) because of the decreasing effect of the solar ultraviolet radiation and the dominating disturbance at high latitude. (2) The equivalent current vectors of Sq in the daytime are about five times larger than that at night. The vector directions are clockwise in the daytime (8-15h) and counter-clockwise at night in early winter and late winter. The vector either in the daytime or at night are very small because of the relatively decreasing effect of the current intensity in the ionosphere in midwinter. The equivalent current vector directions of Sq in early winter and late winter are different from that in midwinter at CGWS. That may be affected by ionospheric current or field-aligned current in the polar region.

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