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30 December 1994, Volume 6 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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A STUDY ON COSMIC DUST PARTICLES IN THE ANTARCTIC ICE,SNOW AND NON ANTARCTIC REGION AND THEIR ORIGIN 1994, 6 (4):  4-16.  Abstract ( 1659 )   PDF (333KB) ( 1220 )   A large number of cosmic dust particles,micrometeorites and volcanic dust bands have been found and collected in Antarctic ice,snow and glacial sediments,especially in meteorite concentrated regions. Extraterrestrial spherules aslo have been discovered from the stratosphere and deep sea sediments. On the basis of distributive characteristics cosmic dust particles are classified into interplanetary dust particles and interstellar dust particles. According to their origin,cosmic dust particles can be divided into cometary origin,asteroidal origin,ablation from meteorites and interstellar origin. The criteria for identifying cosmic dust particles have been established and the origin of cosmic dust particles has aslo been discussed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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GROUND BASED MEASUREMENTS OF COLUMN AMOUNTS OF OZONE AND UV B OVER ZHONGSHAN STATION, ANTARCTICA,IN THE 93 “OZONE HOLE” 1994, 6 (4):  17-25.  Abstract ( 1689 )   PDF (332KB) ( 1162 )   The Brewer ozone spectrophotometer ,which is recommended by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO), at Zhongshan station(69.37°S,76.38°E),Antarctica first provides hourly ground based measurements of O 3,UV B at the earth surface in the 93 “Ozone Hole”.These measurements define the column ozone abundance and the UV B radiation environment of the region and ,in conjunction with a daily record of sky conditions and the upper atmospheric temperature, permit a general understanding of the close relationship between the ozone and stratospheric temperature and the role of ozone and cloud cover in regulating UV B radiation levels at the Antarctica surface in the period of the ozone depletion. The processes of low column ozone abundance (near or below 220DU) have been detected from August to the end of November,and a normal abundance (near or above 260DU)recovers at the beginning of December.High coherent variations between the ozone column abundance and the temperature from 70hPa to 50hPa altitude are very obivious.Daily variations of UV B radiation are greatly controlled by the solar zenith angle(SZA),ozone and the sky conditions.Preliminary statistical analyses tell us that noontime biologically weighted damaging UV B(damaging UV B,DUV B) flux is a negative exponential function of slant ozone column abundance. Spectra scanning presents that in the range of UV B, ground surface irradiance of shorter wavelength is more easily influenced by the changes of the above ozone column abundance. Avoiding from the variability associated with cloud cover aerosols,and albedo etc., the ratio of noontime irradiance for 300.5nm to that for 323.5nm shows that ozone is one of the most important factors for UV B enhancing during the ozone depletion period. Related Articles | Metrics

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON AEOLIAN LANDFORMS IN THE LARSEMANN HILLS, EAST ANTARCTICA 1994, 6 (4):  26-34.  Abstract ( 1793 )   PDF (471KB) ( 1385 )   The Larsemann Hills is ice free and formed in the Holocene. It consists of a series of rocky peninsulas and islets in the Prydz Bay. The most obvious geomorphic process operating on the landscape is aeolian and frost physical weathering. The intensity and frequency of wind force are very high. The monthly average wind spleed can start the coarse sand and fine gravel. The high speed air flow is not saturated with sand and snow grains.It restricts the aeolian sedimentary and erosion process. That is the principal reason for the characteristics of aeolian landforms. The aeolian sedimentation consists of barrier and standstill sedimentary processes. They mainly form three types of landforms:snow blanket(snow dam), sand drift(sand land) and gravel dyke (gravel shoal). Some landforms are special and only form in cold pole environment. The geochemical parameteres of aeolian sediments are very similar with those of the bedrock. That means the transplortation distance is very short and the sedimentary site is very closed to the weathering site. Related Articles | Metrics

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MAGNETOTELLURIC DEEP SOUNDING STUDY IN THE REGION OF ZHONGSHAN STATION,EAST ANTARCTICA 1994, 6 (4):  35-39.  Abstract ( 1745 )   PDF (267KB) ( 1195 )   This paper deals with the results of the MT observations in the region of Zhongshan Station,Larsemann Hills area, East Antarctica and points out that the Lithosphere thickness of the Larsemann Hills is 140 km and the crustal high conductivity layer is situated in 22 km. Related Articles | Metrics

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE AUTOMATIC TAXONAOMY OF ROCK IN THE MIRROR PENINSULA OF THE LARSEMANN HILLS,EAST ANTARCTICA,BY TM DATE 1994, 6 (4):  40-45.  Abstract ( 1889 )   PDF (345KB) ( 1189 )   According to Maxium Likelihood Method and TM data, we conducted the automatic taxonomy of rock in the Mirror Peninsula of the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. Five kinds of rock were identified. They are: ①Gneissic Leucogranite, ②Syenogranite, ③High Al Fe gneisses,④Migmatite,⑤Striped migmatite.The reliability is 82 precent. This method is useful in Antarctica and it is economic and efficient method.Development of satellite borne polar remote sensing in the geology has good prospects. Related Articles | Metrics

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OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS IN ANTARCTICA 1994, 6 (4):  46-61.  Abstract ( 1734 )   PDF (620KB) ( 1604 )   Antarctica is a unique place of observations of solar terrestrial physics. The past and present of the observations in Antarctica are reviewed in this paper. The trends and future developments of this international research field are looked ahead. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PRESENT SITUATION AND PROSPECT OF THE UV B CLIMATOLOGY IN ANTARCTICA 1994, 6 (4):  62-69.  Abstract ( 1807 )   PDF (287KB) ( 1198 )   Since the discovery of Antarctic springtime ozone hole in 1985,there has been much international attention focused on the possible consequences of significant decreases of total ozone. The direct consequences of ozone depletion are the increse in UV B radiation reaching the earth's surface, and the consequential unfavourable changes in ecosystem. Therefore,people have started to pay attention to the observations and researches of UV B radiation over Antarctica,and have constructed progressively Antarctic UV B climatology. In this paper,we review the recent research progress, analyse the problems required further Solution and look forward to the develop. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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THE SURVEY OF TOTAL NUMBER OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE FILDES PENINSULA IN ANTARCTICA 1994, 6 (4):  70-75.  Abstract ( 1677 )   PDF (410KB) ( 1165 )   Investigations of total number and distribution of microbes at the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were conducted. The sampling sites were located in the Fildes Peninsula area at interval distance of 0.1km,and the farthest sites were about 2.5km away from Great Wall Station. There were totally 35 sampling sites (almost soil samples).The following results were obtained :total number of bacteria counts per gram of soil was 10 3-10 6 at 30°C,and 10 4-10 6 at 16°C,4°C,and total number of fungi counts per gram of soil was 10 2-10 3 at 30°C, 16°C and 10 3 at 4°C. All of the bacteria are identifed as 7 genera. They are Micrococcus,Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas Bacillus, Alcaligenes,Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter . All of the fungi belong to 5 genera. They are Penicillium,Cladosporium,Chrysosporium,Aspergillus,Eurotium . Especially,total number of bacteria and fungi under 4°C was more than that under 30°C,and total number of bacteria and fungi of nearby coastline region of the peninsula was also more than that of the land region. The appearances of psychrophilic microbes include mainly Pseudomonas(69%),Bacillus(54%),Penicillium(46%),Aspergillus(17%) at the Fildes Peninsula. A great number of different kinds of psychropholic microbes are also distributed widely in this area. It is clear that total number of bacteria and fungi is useful as a parameter for further study to make sure the effect of psychrophillic microbes of Antarctica environment. Related Articles | Metrics