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30 March 1999, Volume 11 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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THE DIFFERENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL LOADINGS BETWEEN ANTARCTICA,ARCTIC AND THE QINGHAI TIBETAN PLATEAU,SHOWN BY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SNOW AND ICE 1999, 11 (1):  4-10.  Abstract ( 1409 )   PDF (359KB) ( 1485 )   The relationships of ECM with ice acidity and impurities concentrations are much different between the Tibetan Plateau and the polar regions. On the Tibetan Plateau,ECM is contributed by mineral ions(i.e.,Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ ,SO 2- 4,etc.) mainly derived from crustal sources, and thus display an actively linear correlation between ECM and these ions.While in polar ice sheet,however,ECM of snow and ice is mainly contributed by acidic roots such as Cl -,SO 2- 4 and NO - 3 that mostly come from ocean.Therefore,there is good relationship between ECM and concentration of H +.However,the relationship between ECM and major ions has complicate geographical differentiation in the whole Arctic. For instance,there no longer exits the same simple relationship in the central Arctic as in the Greenland Ice Sheet,probably due to the disturbance of Arctic Haze. In general, ECM of snow and ice is a potential indicator of atmospheric environment of cold regions. Related Articles | Metrics

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STATISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AURORA OBSERVED AT ZHONGSHAN STATION, ANTARCTICA 1999, 11 (1):  11-21.  Abstract ( 1693 )   PDF (269KB) ( 3240 )   The auroral data observed by All Sky TV Camera during 1995 and 1997 at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica are used to analyze the statistic characteristics of the aurora appearing over Zhongshan Station. Around postnoon(1400￣1800MLT)and midnight (2200￣0300MLT), aurora appears more frequently and stronger than that around evening(1800￣2200MLT).The corona type aurora mainly occurs at polarward and overhead of Zhongshan Station during postnoon and around midnight. The band type aurora mainly appears during postnoon, while during evening and around midnight only appears at equatorward. The active surges mostly appear around midnight, while the transpolar arcs mainly occur after midnight. And except for the transpolar arcs, the appearance frequences of other three kinds of aurora are related with Kp index. Usually Zhongshan Station enters the auroral oval at postnoon, the exact time depends on Kp index. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PRIMARY RESEARCH ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLIMATIC RECORDS OF THE TWO SNOW PITS RECOVERED FROM PRINCESS ELIZABETH LAND,ANTARCTICA 1999, 11 (1):  22-27.  Abstract ( 1470 )   PDF (148KB) ( 1163 )   Snow samples recovered from two snow pits (2.5m and 3.5m deep) along the route of the 1996/1997 Chinese Traverse in Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica, have been measured for chemical composition and oxygen isotope ratio. In the two snow pits,the seasonal variations of NO - 3 concentrations are partly in phase with the variations of δ 18 O values, while the peaks of Cl - are at the troughs in δ 18 O, but both variations of Cl - and NO - 3 formed the same seasonal variation stratum as the variations of δ 18 O.However, no obvious seasonal variations of cation concentrations were found in the profiles. The results provide a useful tool for dating the snow stratum in this region. Elevated sulfate(SO 2- 4) concentrations found in the profiles of the two snow pits for the period, 1992-1995 may be due to the June 1991 Pinatubo(Philippines) volcanic eruption and August 1991 Cerro Hudson eruption. Related Articles | Metrics

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SEASONAL VARIATION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE FIRST YEAR SEA ICE NEAR ZHONGSHAN STATION, EAST ANTARCTICA 1999, 11 (1):  28-36.  Abstract ( 1298 )   PDF (233KB) ( 1096 )   The nutrient status in the first year sea ice and its relation to ice algal biomass were studied near Zhongshan Station,East Antarctica from April to December in 1992. In order to compare with those in the underlying water column,the nutrients were normalized to the sea water salinity of the surface layer. The results showed that NO 3 N concentrations were relatively lower in most of ice sections,which was contrary to PO 4 P and SiO 3 Si. The concentrations of NO 2 N in the sea ice were always higher than those of surface water. The nutrients are shown to be not the limit factors for the growth of ice algae,and no obvious rules were observed in the vertical distribution and seasonal variation of nutrients. Except NO 3 N in the bottom layer of ice,the nutrient concentrations were weakly related to chlorophyll a concentrations. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE ANTARCTIC GREAT WALL BAY IN SUMMER 1999, 11 (1):  42-48.  Abstract ( 1436 )   PDF (356KB) ( 1291 )   Species composition and concentration of the phytoplankton were analyzed from net samples in three summers (December to March in the year of 1992-1995) in the Antarctic Great Wall Bay. A total of 72 species were identified, 45 83% of which, i.e. 33 species, were found in all three summers. Total concentrations of the phytoplankton in the three summers averaged 6873 82×10 4 , 208 48×10 4 and 1027 36×10 4 cells/m 3, respectively. The dominant species were Chaetoceros socialis, Thalassiosira spp., Fragilaria spp., Gomphonema margaritx and Chaetoceros compressus . The results show that species composition of the phytoplankton is similar in the summers, whereas the total cell number changs significantly from one summer to another,and the cell number variation is similar at both inside and the mouth of the bay. Related Articles | Metrics

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INSPIRATION FROM STUDY OF ANTARCTIC METEORITES Ⅸ: EJECTION AND DELIVERED TIMES OF MARTIAN METEORITES AND REVIEW FOR TRACES OF ANCIENT MARTIAN LIFE 1999, 11 (1):  49-57.  Abstract ( 1378 )   PDF (262KB) ( 1277 )   The study of noble gas isotopes of Martian meteorites indicates at least five different impact events of 12 Martian meteorites within and up to 15 million years were occurred on the Martian surface and were ejected from the Martian crust material. Their ejection times were 0.8Ma,2.76Ma,3.84Ma,11.0Ma and 14.4Ma respectively. Among 12 Martian meteorites Chassigny Martian meteorite is chemically distinct from the nakhlites its ejection age is 11.6Ma. If the Chassigy event is not related to the nakhlite, the number of the impact events should be six. McKay et al. (1996) give evidence that Martian bacteria have lived in the Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001.But many scientists presented some counter-evidence about the traces of ancient Martian life. Based on the comprehensive study of Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001,up to now the question that whether or not it contains evidence of traces of ancient Martian life is uncertain or it leaves many unanswered questions, or the possibility of existence of ancient Martian life is very small. Related Articles | Metrics

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CHANGES OF BLOOD PRESSURE,HEART RATE,BODY TEMPERATURE AND BODY WEIGHT OF ANTARCTIC WINTERNERS 1999, 11 (1):  58-63.  Abstract ( 1304 )   PDF (322KB) ( 1221 )   This research studied the changes of blood pressure,heart rate,body temperature and body weight of the XI Chinese Antarctic Expedition in a long term. Their 4 physiological items maintained stable in a group level. Changes of individual correlated to the meteorological factors.Because of small numbers of subjects,collecting information is an important work. This research is the base for the studies on physiological adaptation and psychological selection of members under the extreme environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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SAMPLING AND TESTING OF ACID RAIN IN GREAT WALL STATION OF ANTARCTICA 1999, 11 (1):  64-71.  Abstract ( 1363 )   PDF (393KB) ( 1282 )   Testing of Antarctic acid rain (rain pH<5.6) can provide first handed information for test of change of global environment atmosphere chemistry, assessment of area environment and formation of environment standard,and it is important for understanding transmission, transformation and concentration of chemical elements in environment, it can also give insight in protection and reasonable development of Antarctic. We can know of the original of atmospheric chemistry environment through this test, and reasonable tactics can be made, as a result, the Antarctic can be protected effectively. The place of sample is Great Wall Station of China in Antarctica. The method to get the samples for this experiment is self devised. Samples in sealed vessels melted naturally in house. Data were gotten by pretested DDS 11A and pHS 3B.From January to September 1998, 104 samples were tested, among which 19 samples' pH<5.6, the percentage was 18.3%. So the conclusion can be made that acid rain appeared in Antarctica. On the bases of environment background value and wind direction when acid rain appeared,following can be possible reasons for appearance of acid rain. Pollution of other place was brought to Antarctica by circulation of atmosphere,acid rain formed when it rains. Related Articles | Metrics

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DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF ELEMENT COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THREE KINDS OF LICHEN BY EDS IN KING GEORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA 1999, 11 (1):  72-77.  Abstract ( 1410 )   PDF (135KB) ( 1181 )   Cross section of Usneaantarctica Du Rietz, Usnea aurantiaco atra (Jacq.)Bory. and Cladonia sp. at upper, middle and base position were done. The element composition and relative content were determined by SEM and EDS at surface, intermediate and inner layer in each position. The result is that the composition of element is similar same in this three kinds of lichen. The relative content of Al,Si,K and Ca elements are high,and the relative content of P is close at each position.The relative content of every element is different at different position and different layer of lichens. The result is benefit to study the stucture and physiological characteristics of lichens, and to analyze geological environment in Antarctica. Related Articles | Metrics

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MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC SAMPLING BASED ON GIS IN ANTARCTICA 1999, 11 (1):  78-83.  Abstract ( 1198 )   PDF (156KB) ( 1322 )   In this paper,the concept,data visualizing in sampling management,is put forward based on Geographic Information System (GIS). Accordingly,taking Great Wall Station as a case , a scientific sampling management information system is designed to meet the needs of Antarctic scientific research administrating and data managing. At present the system provides three major functions: data visualized inquiry, samples' typicalness analysis and sample setting decision support. Related Articles | Metrics