Arctic shipping routes connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean, are rapidly evolving and will have profound implications for global geopolitics and the economy. Existing single-station HF signal communication systems are vulnerable to the challenging polar space environment, resulting in limited reliability and an inability to ensure safe navigation of vessels along the Arctic shipping routes. In response to the communication needs of the Arctic shipping routes, we established a theoretical framework to evaluate HF signal communication coverage based on deterministic models. Furthermore, the calculation methods for power in complex refractive index ray tracing have been focused on. We evaluated the communication effects of HF signal networking along the Arctic shipping routes, and investigated the impact of polar ionospheric disturbances, such as high-energy particle deposition, on HF signal propagation effects in polar region. This study provides a solid theoretical basis to assess the communication effectiveness of HF signal access networks and to optimize the design of station networks for communication along Arctic shipping routes.