Abstract: Antarctic marine diatoms form the basis of the Antarctic food web, and play a vital role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. The acclimation of Antarctic marine diatoms to extreme environments is an ideal experimental scenario for the study of biological radiation resistance, cold resistance, and salt resistance. The last 30 years of domestic and international research on Antarctic marine diatoms was reviewed. There have been advances in research on the adaptation of diatoms in extreme environments to factors, including enhanced UV-B radiation, low temperatures, high salinity, and low light. Antarctic marine diatoms develop unique physiological, biochemical, genetic, and metabolic characteristics to adapt to extreme habitats. The findings of this paper provide an important reference for further research on the adaptation of Antarctic marine diatoms.

Key words: Antarctic, marine diatoms, extreme environments, acclimation