极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 151-162.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240025

所属学科：极地政策研究

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极门户国家“港口国监督”的实施: 现状与趋势——兼析我国考察船之应对策略

单琰焱1,2, 陈敬根3, 付姗姗4, 朱兵2   

  1. 1上海海事大学法学院, 上海 201306;
    2中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究中心), 上海 200136;
    3上海大学法学院, 上海 200444;
    4上海海事大学交通运输学院, 上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2024-06-24 出版日期:2026-03-31 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 单琰焱
  • 基金资助:
    中国海洋发展基金会项目、国家海洋局极地考察办公室委托项目和国家自然科学基金面上项目资助

Implementation of Port State Control in Antarctic gateway states: Current status and trends—An analysis of the countermeasures for China’s research vessels

SHAN Yanyan1,2, CHEN Jinggen3, FU Shanshan4, ZHU Bing2   

  1. 1School of Law, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China;
    3Law School, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
    4College of Transport & Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2024-06-24 Online:2026-03-31 Published:2026-04-27

摘要：

作为“船旗国监督”的有效补充, “港口国监督”(PSC)对降低和消除不符合标准、不适航和高风险船舶发挥了重要作用。南极门户国家在人员和物资进出南极方面发挥着关键作用, 在南大洋执行PSC的南极门户国家主要为澳大利亚和新西兰等, 这些门户国家分属于不同的PSC区域组织。基于我国自1984年开展南极考察以来收到的两次南极门户国家PSC检查通知及过程, 以及南极门户国家未来或将加大PSC力度的趋势等, 本文系统梳理了南极门户国家PSC制度的执行情况, 分析了PSC制度在南大洋水域的发展趋势, 探讨了南极门户国家PSC制度对我国南极考察船的潜在影响, 并提出未来我国考察船在南大洋应对PSC的相应策略。

关键词:

航运, 港口国监督, 考察船, 南极门户国家, 南极

Abstract:

As an effective supplement to “Flag State Control”, “Port State Control (PSC)” has played an essential role in reducing and eliminating non-standard, unsuitable, and high-risk ships. Antarctic gateway countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, play a crucial role in supporting the flows of personnel and materials to and from Antarctica. These Antarctic gateway countries that implement PSC in the Southern Ocean belong to different PSC regional agreements. China has received two notifications of PSC inspections from Antarctic gateway countries since 1984 when China began the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, and Antarctic gateway countries are bound to increase their enforcement of PSC in the future. Therefore, this article systematically reviewed the implementation of PSC in Antarctic gateway countries, analyzed the development trends of PSC in the Southern Ocean waters, explored the potential impact of the PSC inspections in Antarctic gateway countries on China’s Antarctic research vessels, and proposed corresponding strategies for China’s research vessels to respond to the PSC inspections in the Southern Ocean in the future.


Key words: shipping, Port State Control, research vessel, Antarctic gateway countries, Antarctica