极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 163-173.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250025

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

大变局下挪威参与北极治理的角色选择研究

张佳佳   

  1. 中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院, 山东 青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-03-31 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 张佳佳
  • 基金资助:
    山东省社科规划研究青年项目资助

Study on the Norway's Role in Arctic Governance

ZHANG Jiajia   

  1. School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2026-03-31 Published:2026-04-27

摘要： 挪威是重要的北极国家, 在参与北极治理进程中积累了丰富的经验。但是, 在乌克兰危机升级外溢到北极地区的大变局下, 北极博弈新态势塑造了挪威在北极治理中“平衡者”和“挑战者”的双重角色。挪威一方面作为“平衡者”, 推动北极理事会“有限恢复”, 致力于将北极治理议题与全球治理议程相联结, 为北极地区的低政治议题合作争取空间; 另一方面作为“挑战者”, 加深了与北约在北极地区的军事安全捆绑、提出深海采矿提案、加强对斯瓦尔巴群岛管理控制, 引发国际舆论的争议。二者的张力共同塑造了挪威的北极形象和未来的北极政策取向。2025年是中国加入《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》100周年, 中挪在北极地区合作基础深厚, 探究挪威在北极治理中的角色能为中国参与北极事务提供启发。

关键词: 挪威, 北极治理, 海洋治理, 深海采矿, 北极理事会

Abstract:

Norway, as a key Arctic nation, has accumulated rich experience in participating in Arctic governance processes. However, the evolving geopolitical landscape of the Arctic has shaped Norway’s dual role as both a balancer and a challenger in regional governance. On one hand, as a balancer, Norway has promoted the “limited restoration” of the Arctic Council, and dedicated itself to linking Arctic governance agendas with global governance agendas, striving to secure space for low-political-issue cooperation in the Arctic. On the other hand, as a challenger, it has deepened its strategic alignment with NATO in the Arctic, advanced deep-sea mining proposals, and strengthened its administrative control over Svalbard, sparking international controversy. The tension between these two roles jointly shapes Norway’s Arctic image and the orientation of its future Arctic policies. China-Norway cooperation in the Arctic is deeply rooted, and exploring Norway’s role in Arctic governance and the orientation of its Arctic policies can provide insights for China’s participation in Arctic affairs.


Key words: Norway, Arctic governance, maritime governance, deep-sea mining, Arctic Council