极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 477-493.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230057

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国再分析资料对于北极涛动和南极涛动的适用性分析

杨镕泽1,2, 李佳瑶3,4, 周顺武2, 冷佳星2   

  1. 1南京大学大气科学学院, 江苏 南京 210023; 
    2南京信息工程大学, 气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/资料同化研究与应用中心, 江苏 南京 210044; 
    3中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750002; 
    4宁夏回族自治区气候中心, 宁夏 银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-05 修回日期:2023-12-30 出版日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2025-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 周顺武
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金重点项目和国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目

The characteristics of Arctic Oscillation and Antarctic Oscillation based on CMA’s atmospheric reanalysis

YANG Rongze1,2, LI Jiayao3,4, ZHOU Shunwu2, LENG Jiaxing2   

  1. 1 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 China;
    2 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/International Joint Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China; 
    3 Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002, China;
    4 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Climate Center, Yinchuan 750002, China
  • Received:2023-09-05 Revised:2023-12-30 Online:2025-09-30 Published:2025-09-25

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摘要： 北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)和南极涛动(Antarctic Oscillation, AAO)是引起中高纬度地区短期气候变化的主要模态, 被视为气候系统内部变率的重要因子。本文基于ERA5再分析资料, 采用中国再分析数据集(CRA40), 应用统计分析方法研究了1989—2020年AO和AAO的时空变化特征, 探究了涛动强弱年大气环流的分布特征, 评估并验证了中国再分析资料在分析AO和AAO时的适用性。结果表明: (1)CRA40得到的位势高度第一模态在中高纬度地区呈现出反向变化的纬向型分布特征, 与ERA5分析结果一致; (2)在整个分析时段, CRA40得到的涛动指数和美国国家海洋和大气管理局给出的涛动指数存在显著相关; (3)基于CRA40得到的涛动强(弱)年, 高纬度海平面气压和温度表现为负(正)异常, 风场呈气旋式(反气旋式)异常, 中纬度各要素场与高纬度分布相反; (4)基于CRA40得到的涛动强弱年纬向平均的纬向风表现为正负相间分布的经向遥相关, 且具有正压结构。以上分析表明, 中国再分析资料能反映AO和AAO的时空分布特征及大气环流分布结构。

关键词: 中国再分析大气资料, 南极涛动, 北极涛动, 适用性

Abstract: The Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) are important modes that typically affect atmospheric circulation and temperature changes outside tropical areas, and they are considered significant drivers of the internal variability of climate systems. Based on China’s CRA40 reanalysis dataset and using ERA5 reanalysis data as a reference, this paper presents a statistical analysis of the spatiotemporal variations of the AO and AAO during 1989—2020 and the pattern of atmospheric circulation during strong and weak years of oscillation, thus verifying the applicability of CRA40 for analyzing the AO and AAO. The results show that: (1) the master mode of geopotential height based on CRA40 presents the zonal distribution characteristics of reverse variation in middle-high latitudes, which is consistent with the ERA5 reanalysis data; (2) throughout the analysis period, there is a significant correlation between the oscillation index based on CRA40 and that of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; (3) in strong (weak) years of oscillation indicated by CRA40, the sea-level pressure and temperature at high latitudes exhibit negative (positive) anomalies, the wind field is cyclonic (anticyclonic), and the distribution of each element field at middle latitudes is the opposite of that at high latitudes; and (4) the mean zonal wind in the strong and weak oscillation years identified by CRA40 exhibits a zonal teleconnection with alternating positive-negative distribution and a barotropic structure. The analysis indicates that CRA40 effectively reflects the spatiotemporal distribution and structure of atmospheric circulation associated with the AO and AAO.

Key words: CMA’s atmospheric reanalysis,  Antarctic Oscillation,  Arctic Oscillation,  applicability