极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 591-603.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20200066

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极冰下水文研究进展

周岩1,崔祥斌2,戴振学1,孙波2,李霖2   

  1. 1吉林大学建设工程学院, 吉林 长春, 130026;
    2中国极地研究中心, 上海, 200136
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-09 修回日期:2021-07-27 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金 (41730102, 41772253, 41941006, 41776186)、国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1509102)

Advances in subglacial hydrology of Antarctica

Zhou Yan1,2, Cui Xiangbin2, Dai Zhenxue1, Sun Bo2, Li Lin2   

  1. 1 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China;
    2 Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
  • Received:2020-10-09 Revised:2021-07-27 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2021-12-16

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摘要： 南极冰下湖和冰下水系的广泛发育, 不仅可以改变冰盖基底环境, 影响底部滑动过程, 冰下水系的排水活动还可以淡化海水, 降低临近的洋流深部温度, 是影响冰盖稳定性及其对全球海平面和气候变化贡献的因素之一。因此, 开展南极冰下水文及其对南极冰盖动力学、南极冰下地貌演化进程和南极冰盖-海洋相互作用的影响研究具有极其重要的意义。冰下水文系统是包括冰盖、冰下水、冰下湖泊、沉积物、基岩、地下水、水流通道和海洋在内的复杂的相互作用的集合。当前可利用卫星测高仪和其他先进的地球物理方法(如无线电回波探测技术、地震技术、磁法勘探技术)来观测和研究南极冰下水系, 另外, 通过数值模拟可以更好地解释冰下水的形成、活动和排泄以及陆地水-海洋的交互作用。本文依次综述了南极冰下湖、南极冰下水文系统与模拟以及冰下水文与冰架及海洋系统相互作用的研究进展，并给出了未来南极冰下水文系统研究的重点方向。

关键词: 冰下水文, 南极冰盖, 冰下湖, 触地区域, 冰架

Abstract:

The extensive development of subglacial lakes and subglacial water systems in Antarctica have potential effect to not only change the basal environment of the ice sheet and affect the bottom sliding process, but also to desalinate the sea water and reduce the deep temperature of the adjacent ocean currents, contributing to one of the uncertainty factors affecting the stability of the ice sheet and its contribution to global sea level and climate change. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the subglacial hydrology and its influence on the dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet, the evolution of the Antarctic subglacial landforms, and the interaction between the Antarctic ice sheet and the ocean. The subglacial hydrological system involves a complex set of interactions among various components, including ice sheet, subglacial water, subglacial lake, sediment, bedrock, groundwater, flow channel and ocean components. Scientists can use satellite altimeter and other advanced geophysical methods (such as radio echo sounding detection technology, seismic technology, magnetic exploration technology) to observe and study the Antarctic subglacial water system. In addition, numerical simulation supports modeling of the formation, activity and discharge of the subglacial water and the complex processes of land–water–ocean interaction. This paper summarizes the research progress of Antarctic subglacial lake, Antarctic subglacial hydrological system and simulation, and analyzes the interaction among subglacial hydrology, ice shelf and ocean system, and gives the key research direction of Antarctic subglacial hydrological system in the future.

Key words: subglacial hydrology, Antarctic ice sheet, subglacial lake, grounding zone, ice shelf