极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 115-127.DOI: 10. 13679/j.jdyj.20200068

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

快速变化中北冰洋CO2汇研究进展

赵德荣  高众勇  孙恒   

  1. 自然资源部海洋大气化学与全球变化重点实验室, 自然资源部第三海洋研究所,  福建 厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-16 修回日期:2020-11-26 出版日期:2021-03-31 发布日期:2021-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 高众勇
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0607003)、南北极环境综合考察与评估专项 (CHINARE2017-2020)、自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费(海三科2018005)、福建省科技创新领军人才项目(闽委人才[2016]11号)资助

Development of Arctic Ocean CO2 sink under rapid Arctic change

Zhao Derong, Gao Zhongyong, Sun Heng   

  1. Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography (TIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
  • Received:2020-10-16 Revised:2020-11-26 Online:2021-03-31 Published:2021-03-26

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摘要：     作为高纬度吸收CO2重要海区之一, 北极气候和生态环境正发生快速变化, 这些变化使得北冰洋CO2的源汇格局及相关过程发生相应改变, 并带来巨大的不确定性。表层海水CO2分压(pCO2)是评估CO2源汇的重要参考指标, 其调控因子较为复杂, 特别是对于环境具有区域性显著差异的北冰洋。综合目前国内外对北冰洋碳汇的研究进展, 阐述了北冰洋pCO2和CO2源汇的空间分布特征、重要影响因素及其在北极快速变化过程中的关键作用, 同时提出预测未来变化的不确定性。由于北极快速变化, 北冰洋的海洋生物地球化学碳循环过程及机制变得更为复杂, 进而影响碳汇能力及CO2源汇分布格局。根据目前的研究结果, 最近20年间, 随着海冰的快速退缩, 北冰洋已经逐渐增强为重要的CO2汇, 最新的评估数值可高达180 TgC·a–1(1 Tg=1012 g), 其中楚科奇海陆架CO2汇几乎占到整体的1/3。未来的快速变化中, 预测北冰洋碳汇将继续增强, 但受限于营养盐的补给、升温以及海水酸化效应, 其增长潜力低于预期。

关键词: 海表CO2分压(pCO2), 北冰洋CO2汇, 调控因子, 碳循环机制, 北冰洋, 北极快速变化

Abstract:

The Arctic Ocean is a high latitude ocean that is also an important CO2 sink. Its climate and environment are undergoing rapid changes, modifying and increasing the uncertainties associated with its CO2 absorption capacity. The partial pressure of CO2 in the surface seawater (pCO2) is an important indicator of CO2 absorption capacity. Its distribution across the Arctic Ocean varies. The factors controlling pCO2 distribution are becoming more complex as a result of the rapid changes in the Arctic Ocean. We reviewed current international research on the present Arctic Ocean carbon sink and the associated uncertainties. We summarized the temporal and spatial distributions of pCO2 over the Arctic Ocean and identified the main factors controlling rapid changes in pCO2 distribution. As a result of the rapid changes in the Arctic, the processes and mechanisms of the marine biogeochemical carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean have also become more complicated, affecting the CO2 absorption capacity of the Arctic Ocean. Current research shows that with the rapid retreat of sea ice, the Arctic Ocean has gradually strengthened into an important CO2 sink in the last two decades. The latest research estimated that the Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake can be as high as 180 TgC·a−1 (1 Tg=1012 g), with the Chukchi Sea shelf accounting for almost one-third of the total uptake. The Arctic Ocean carbon sink is forecasted to grow in the future. However, actual CO2 uptake will be lower than estimated, owing to the effects of nutrient supply, surface seawater warming and ocean acidification.

Key words: partial pressure of CO2(pCO2), CO2 sink in the Arctic Ocean, controlling factors, carbon cycle mechanism, Arctic Ocean, rapid Arctic changes