极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 174-182.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.2015.2.174

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1979—2012年北极海冰范围年际和年代际变化分析

隋翠娟1,2   张占海3  吴辉碇1    李熠1       

  1.  
    1国家海洋环境预报中心，北京 100081;
    2中国海洋大学海洋环境学院，山东 青岛, 266100;
    3国家海洋局战略规划与经济司，北京 100860
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-01 修回日期:2014-04-24 出版日期:2015-06-30 发布日期:2015-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 隋翠娟
  • 基金资助:

    自然科学基金;自然科学基金

INTERANNUAL AND INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY OF ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT FROM 1979–2012

Sui Cuijuan1, 2,  Zhang Zhan Hai3,  Wu Huiding1,  Li Yi1   

  1.  
    1National Marine Environment Forecast Center, Beijing 100081
    2College of Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100
    3Department of Strategic Planning and Economic Development, Beijing 100860
  • Received:2013-11-01 Revised:2014-04-24 Online:2015-06-30 Published:2015-06-30
  • Contact: Cui-Juan SUI

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摘要： 利用美国冰雪中心发布的海冰密集度数据，对1979—2012年北极海冰范围进行年际和年代际变化分析。结果表明：（1）海冰在秋季融化速度最快，其次为夏季、冬季、春季。2000年后春季下降速率变缓，而其他季节融化速度加快；（2）由于多年冰的融化，太平洋扇区在夏秋季节融化速度要高于其他海区。而大西洋扇区在冬季和春季海冰的融化速度要快于夏秋季节，主要是因为大西洋海温升高；（3）东半球在夏秋季节海冰融化的范围要大于西半球，因此东北航道比西北航道提前开通应用。而整个北极区域近几年春季融化速度变缓，则主要是西半球的作用；（4）从空间分布年代际变化来看，1989—1998年最接近气候态，1979—1988年密集度偏大区域主要在巴伦支海和东西伯利亚海，2009—2012年海冰密集度较常年显著偏小，东半球密集度减小幅度比西半球更大，尤其是冬春季在巴伦支海，夏秋季在楚科奇海。春季时由于风的作用，白令海附近海冰密集度异常偏大；（5）北极区域海冰范围在冬春季比夏秋季突变明显，基本在2003年前后，海冰范围变化周期为6年。

关键词: 海冰, 密集度, 范围, 空间分布, 突变

Abstract: Using sea ice concentration data published by National Snow & Ice Data Center (NSIDC), interannual and interdecadal variability in the extent of Arctic sea ice between 1979 and 2012 is analyzed. We demonstrate: 1) the linear rate of decline of sea ice extent (SIE) is fastest during autumn, followed by summer, winter and spring. Melt speed from 2000 is greater throughout the year with the exception of spring, compared with the period of time between 1979 and 2000. 2) Melt speed in the Pacific sector is greater during summer and autumn due to loss of multiyear ice, whereas in the Atlantic sector, melt speed is greater during spring and winter because of rising sea temperatures. 3) The extent of melting is greater in the Eastern Hemisphere than in the Western Hemisphere, rendering the Northeast Passage navigable earlier than the Northwest Passage. The decrease of melting rates in spring months over the recent years was attributed to the factors in the Western Hemisphere.  4) The ice cover between 1989 and 1998 was found to be identical with its climatological pattern, while between 1979 and 1988 the spatial range in Barents Sea and East Siberian Sea was greatest. In contrast, significant decrease of sea ice concentration was observed between 2009 and 2012 with a larger magnitude in the East Hemisphere, especially in Chukchi Sea during summer and autumn. The concentration of sea ice in the Bering Sea, however, was greater during spring due to southward wind driven. Finally, 5), the abrupt change in Arctic sea ice cover is more obvious during winter and spring than during summer and autumn. The abrupt year change in 2003. According to the wavelet analysis, the periodicity of sea ice extent change is almost 6 years.

Key words: sea ice, concentration, sea ice extent, spatial distribution, abrupt change