极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 413-429.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240103

所属学科：极地大气科学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

北极液体云时空分布特征及其相态转变机制和与海冰关系的研究

孙宇昆1  常亮1,2,3   

  1. 1上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306;
    2上海市极地生命过程与环境重点实验室, 上海交通大学, 上海 200030;
    3极地生态与气候变化教育部重点实验室, 上海交通大学, 上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 常亮
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42174016)和上海市极地前沿科学研究基地开放课题基金(SOO2024-01)资助

The distribution of liquid clouds in the Arctic and their impact on aerosol-sea ice interactions

SUN Yukun 1, CHANG Liang 1,2,3#br#   

  1. 1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Enviroment Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
    3Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China

  • Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-05-19 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要： 北极是对气候变化最敏感的地区之一, 由于云相态能影响辐射平衡、天气过程并与气溶胶交互, 同时也是当前气候模型所欠缺的重要参数之一, 因此研究云相态能为评估北极气候变化提供新的视角。本文利用2006—2020年CALIPSO-GOCCP云相数据集, 结合CALIPSO气溶胶产品、ERA5气象再分析数据及NSIDC海冰数据, 系统分析了北极云相态的三维结构特征及其与气溶胶分布、气象要素和海冰密集度(sea ice concentration, SIC)之间的关系。研究表明, 北极云量和含液体云分数(liquid-containing cloud fraction, FLCF)在海洋区域显著高于陆地, 该空间差异主要由下垫面地形、热力条件以及气溶胶输送导致。另外, FLCF在夏季最为突出, 秋季次之, 冬春季较低, 此规律主要是由于温度、气溶胶浓度和大气动力学过程存在季节性差异。FLCF的垂直分布随高度和纬度增加迅速下降。在陆地区域, FLCF与地表温度强正相关, 相关系数均为0.8左右; 与冰核气溶胶出现频率(frequency of occurrences, FFoOs)、大气静力稳定度(lower tropospheric static stability, LTSS)和100 hPa风速U分量负相关, 相关系数均为–0.5左右。在海洋区域, FLCF也与地表温度正相关, 与100 hPa风速U负相关。但海洋区域的FLCF与冰核气溶胶FFoOs正相关, 相关系数均为0.6左右。在太平洋北冰洋, FLCF与LTSS仍为负相关, 相关系数为–0.61; 但在大西洋北冰洋, FLCF与LTSS正相关, 相关系数为0.7。FLCF与SIC主要表现为弱负相关, 夏季最强, 相关系数约为–0.3。但在海冰边缘少部分区域, FLCF与SIC表现为正相关, 相关系数约为0.3。

关键词: 北极, 云相态, 三维结构, 海陆差异, 气象条件, 海冰

Abstract:

The Arctic is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. Since cloud phase can influence radiative balance, weather processes, and interact with aerosols, and is also one of the critical parameters currently lacking in climate models, studying cloud phase can provide new perspectives for assessing Arctic climate change. Based on the CALIPSO-GOCCP cloud phase dataset from 2006 to 2020, combined with CALIPSO VFM aerosol products, ERA5 reanalysis data, and NSIDC sea ice data, this study analyzed the 3D structure of Arctic cloud phase. Also, the relationships between cloud phase and aerosol distribution, meteorological factors, and sea ice concentration (SIC) are mentioned in this study. The research finds that Arctic cloud cover and liquid-containing cloud fraction (FLCF) are significantly higher over ocean regions than over land, with such spatial differences primarily driven by underlying surface topography, thermal conditions, and aerosol transport. Additionally, FLCF is most prominent in summer, followed by autumn, and lower in winter and spring, a pattern mainly due to seasonal differences in temperature, aerosol concentration, and atmospheric dynamics. The vertical distribution of FLCF decreases rapidly with increasing altitude and latitude. Moreover, we find that spatial differences in FLCF distribution are primarily driven by topography, thermal conditions, and transport of aerosols. Over land, FLCF is positively correlated with surface temperature, with correlation coefficients around 0.8, but negatively correlated with the frequency of occurrences (FFoOs) of ice-nucleating aerosols, lower tropospheric static stability (LTSS), and the component of wind at 100 hPa, with correlation coefficients around –0.5. Over oceans, FLCF is also positively correlated with surface temperature and negatively correlated with the U component of wind at 100 hPa U. However, FLCF over oceans is positively correlated with the FFoOs of ice-nucleating aerosols, with correlation coefficients around 0.6. However, FLCF in the Pacific Arctic is negatively correlated with LTSS, with a correlation coefficient of –0.61, while over the Atlantic Arctic, FLCF shows a positive correlation with LTSS, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7. The relationship between FLCF and SIC is predominantly negative, particularly in summer, with a correlation coefficient of about –0.3. However, positive correlations between FLCF and SIC are found in some sea-ice edge regions, with correlation coefficients around 0.3.

Key words: Arctic, cloud phase, 3D structure, land-ocean differences, meteorological conditions, sea ice