极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 322-341.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240080

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于GAM模型的南极渔业兼捕鱼类空间变化与环境影响分析

王紫一1,2  李灵智1,3  张港琛1  赵国庆1,3  黄洪亮1,3  张雨晴1,4  杨嘉樑1,3   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 上海 200090;
    2上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院, 上海 201306;
    3农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室, 上海 200090;
    4大连海洋大学水产与生命学院, 辽宁 大连 116023
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 杨嘉樑
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFC2807504)资助

Spatial and environmental factors in Antarctic krill fishery bycatch based on a generalized additive model

WANG Ziyi1,2, LI Lingzhi1,3, ZHANG Gangchen1, ZHAO Guoqing1,3, HUANG Hongliang1,3, ZHANG Yuqing1,4, YANG Jialiang1,3   

  1. 1East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China;
    2College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    3Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, China;
    4College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
  • Received:2024-09-04 Revised:2025-06-03 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要： 兼捕和抛弃是海洋捕捞中的突出问题。南极磷虾拖网渔业作为南大洋规模最大的渔业, 如何减少磷虾渔业中的兼捕渔获一直是南极海洋生物资源养护委员会重点关注的问题。了解兼捕鱼类的变动情况, 有助于国内南极磷虾渔船制定合理的捕捞策略以减少兼捕的发生。本文根据2019—2022年南极磷虾捕捞渔船的生产资料, 利用广义可加模型(GAM), 对FAO 48渔区各亚区中时空及环境因子和磷虾渔业单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、单位捕捞努力量兼捕量(BPUFa)的关系进行讨论。结果表明, 各亚区影响兼捕量的因子并不相同, 48.1亚区的兼捕量受捕捞深度与叶绿素a浓度影响极显著, 总偏差解释率为36.7%; 48.2亚区的兼捕量受捕捞深度、叶绿素a浓度、海底深度、单位渔区范围渔获量(ln(CCPUE))、海表温度以及经度影响极显著, 总偏差解释率为40.1%; 48.3亚区的兼捕量受捕捞深度、海底深度、ln(CCPUE)、海表温度以及经度影响极显著, 总偏差解释率为54.6%。研究结果可为了解南极48渔区各亚区中兼捕鱼类BPUFa与空间及环境因子和磷虾渔业CPUE的关系提供参考。

关键词: 南极磷虾渔业, 兼捕, GAM模型, 空间因子, 环境因子

Abstract:

In marine fishing operations, the simultaneous capture and abandonment of non-target species, known as bycatch, is a prominent problem particularly in the Antarctic krill trawl fishery. As the largest fishery in the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic krill fishery has garnered attention from the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). To mitigate this concern, CCAMLR has prioritized efforts to reduce bycatch in this fishery. To better understand and manage bycatch, this study used a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the relationship between spatiotemporal and environmental factors and bycatch occurrence across the 48 fishing areas within the Antarctic krill fishery. This analysis was conducted using production data from Chinese vessels engaged in the harvesting of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) during 2019–2022. The findings from this model provide valuable insights for refining fishing practices and implementing strategies to minimize bycatch in this critical fishery. Notably, the findings underscore the variability in bycatch factors across distinct subregions. Specifically, in subregion 48.1, fishing depth and chlorophyll-a concentration emerged as primary determinants of bycatch the GAM accounted for 36.7% of the total deviation in BPUFa. This suggests that implementing region-specific management strategies that account for local environmental conditions could be instrumental in curbing bycatch, in the Antarctic krill fishery. The analysis of factors influencing bycatch in different subareas of a fishing zone in Antarctica was conducted using the GAM. In subarea 48.2, the GAM accounted for 40.1% of the total deviation in bycatch per unit effort of fatty acids (BPUFa), indicating that bycatch is strongly influenced by several factors that include fishing depth, chlorophyll-a concentration, seabed depth, the natural logarithm of the catch per unit effort (CPUE), sea surface temperature, and longitude. Similarly, in subarea 48.3, the GAM explained 54.6% of the total deviation in BPUFa, with bycatch notably affected by fishing depth, seabed depth, the natural logarithm of the CPUE, sea surface temperature, and longitude. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between bycatch and both spatial and environmental factors across the various subregions within the 48 fishing areas of Antarctica.


Key words: Antarctic krill fishery, bycatch, generalized additive model, spatial factor, environmental factor