极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 140-157.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20230016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极三维云结构的时空变化: 季节变化

冯时杰1  黄菲1,2  刘一凡1,3  张艺凡1  周腾1   

  1. 1中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院, 山东 青岛 266100; 
    2深海多圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心和物理海洋实验室, 中国海洋大学, 山东 青岛 266100; 
    3中国海洋大学未来海洋学院, 山东 青岛 266100
  • 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-18
  • 作者简介:冯时杰, 男, 2001年生。本科生, 主要从事北极气候变化研究。E-mail: fsj1084@stu.ouc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42075024, 41906194)和国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0607004)资助

Spatial and temporal variability of three-dimensional structure of the Arctic cloud: A seasonal variation

FENG Shijie1, HUANG Fei1,2, LIU Yifan1,3, ZHANG Yifan1, ZHOU Teng1   

  1. 1College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; 
    2 Frontier Science Center for Deep-sea Multispheres and Earth Systems and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, 
    Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; 
    3 Academy of Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-18

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摘要： 本文基于2007—2020年多年气候月平均的CALIPSO云量的三维空间数据, 研究了北极云量三维结构的气候态及季节变化特征。结果表明, 北极的云量主要分布在大气边界层和对流层中, 从边界层向上云量递减; 水平空间分布主要表现出显著的海陆差异, 云量最大值出现在北极大西洋扇区; 垂向结构表现出对流层上下同位相变化的正压结构和低空大气边界层与对流层中上层反位相变化的一阶斜压模结构, 在边界层中北冰洋海洋上空的云量大于北极陆地上空的云量, 而在对流层中上层则正好相反。北极云量主要呈现出单峰型的季节变化特征, 2—3月云量最少, 9月云量最多。北极云量的季节变化主要体现在低空大气边界层云量的两个时空主模态变化中, 第一模态主要反映了北极融冰期(5—10月)和结冰期(11月至次年4月)云量的反位相变化, 方差贡献为59.35%; 第二模态则主要体现了深秋(10—11月)和初夏(6—7月)北极地区海陆差异的反位相变化特征, 方差贡献为19.22%。

关键词: 北极, 云量, 垂直结构, 季节变化, 海陆差异

Abstract: This paper investigates the climatic state and seasonal variation characteristics of the three-dimensional structure of Arctic cloud fraction based on the three-dimensional spatial data of CALIPSO clouds averaged over the multi-year climate months from 2007 to 2020. The results show that the Arctic cloud fraction is mainly distributed in the atmospheric boundary layer and troposphere, and the cloud fraction decreases from the boundary layer to the upper layer; the horizontal spatial distribution mainly shows significant sea-land differences, and the maximum cloud fraction occurs in the Arctic Atlantic sector; the vertical structure shows a positive pressure structure with the in-phase change above and below the troposphere and a first-order oblique pressure mode structure with inverse phase change between the lower atmospheric boundary layer and the middle and upper troposphere. The cloud fraction over the ocean is larger than that over the Arctic land, while the opposite is true in the upper and middle troposphere. The Arctic cloud amount mainly shows the seasonal variation of single-peak type, with the least amount of cloud fraction in February and March and the most amount of cloud fraction in September. The seasonal variation of Arctic clouds is mainly reflected in the two main spatial and temporal modes of cloud fraction in the boundary layer of the low atmosphere, the first mode mainly reflects the inverse phase variation of Arctic melt (May–October) and freezing (November–April), with a variance contribution of 59.35%. The second mode mainly reflects the inverse phase variation of land-sea differences in the Arctic in late autumn (October–November) and early summer (June–July), with a variance contribution of 19.22%.

Key words: Arctic, cloud fraction, vertical structure, seasonal variability, sea-land differences