极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 150-160.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2013.00150

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极新奥尔松地区夏季近地面CO2、CH4和N2O浓度的观测研究

陈清清1 朱仁斌1 徐华2   

  1. 1中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院极地环境研究室, 安徽 合肥 230026; 2中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210091
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-11 修回日期:2013-03-26 出版日期:2013-06-30 发布日期:2013-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 朱仁斌
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然基金项目;国家自然基金项目;知识创新工程方向项目

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN CO2, CH4 AND N2O CONCENTRATION IN NY-ÅLESUND, SVALBARD

Chen Qingqing1, Zhu Renbin1, Xu Hua2   

  1. 1Insitute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026，China; 2State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Najing 210091，China
  • Received:2012-12-11 Revised:2013-03-26 Online:2013-06-30 Published:2013-06-30
  • Contact: ZHU Renbin

PDF (PC)

1141

摘要： 2008和2009年夏在北极新奥尔松地区（Ny-Ålesund）不同苔原区域（鸟类保护区、海滩苔原、矿区、人类活动区等）监测CO2、CH4和N2O近地面浓度的时空变化并分析其可能的影响因素。2008年7月25日—8月13日和2009年7月13—26日，在不同观测区域设置常规和非常规采样点采集气体样品共239瓶并妥善保存。实验室内使用气相色谱（GC）测定准确真空瓶中温室气体（CO2、CH4和N2O）的浓度。鸟类保护区的日变化中，2008年鸟类保护区CO2和N2O日变化浓度均大于2009年约30 ppm和25 ppb。2008年海滩苔原CO2浓度均高于2009年约30 ppm；N2O浓度低于2009年11 ppb；2008年鸟类保护区CH4浓度低于2009年，而海滩苔原2008年浓度高于2009年，差值均约为0.7 ppm。这些年际变化可能由环境条件（天气变化等）和地表覆盖情况的变化引起。高海鸟活动区（HB）CO2浓度低于海鸟活动较少的区域（MB 和 LB）；鸟类保护区CO2浓度低于海滩苔原，N2O浓度高于海滩苔原，主要原因是海鸟活动和鸟粪增加了土壤营养元素，影响苔藓植被发育的情况并改变上垫面状况。综合不同苔原区域：新奥尔松地区CO2和CH4浓度高于ZEP (Zeppelin Station)监测平均浓度，地表向大气输送CO2和CH4；而N2O低于ZEP监测的平均浓度，地表从大气吸收N2O。不同区域影响因素不同：鸟类保护区、海滩苔原和鸟岛主要是受到海鸟活动影响；矿区主要是受水分和土壤基质影响；站区和机场受到人类活动影响但并不明显，总的来说直接原因是由于地表覆盖情况以及地形不同引起。

关键词: 北极, 苔原, CO2, CH4, N2O

Abstract: During the summers of 2008 and 2009, total 239 gas samples were collected using vacuum flask from the sites in different tundra areas, including bird sanctuary, beach tundra, mining area, human activity area, etc. in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. The concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in these gas samples were determined by gas chromatography in the laboratory, the spatial and temporal variations of their concentrations were analyzed, and the factors affecting their concentrations were also analyzed in this study. The diurnal mean CO2 and N2O concentrations in summer 2008 were about 30 ppm and 25 ppb higher than those in summer 2009 at the sites in the bird sanctuary. The mean CO2 concentration at the sites in beach tundra were 30 ppm higher in summer 2008 than in summer 2009 while the mean N2O concentration was 11 ppb lower in summer 2008 than in summer 2009. The CH4 concentration in summer 2008 was 0.7 ppm lower than that in summer 2009 at the bird sanctuary, vice versus for the sites in the beach tundra. These interannual variation of greenhouse gases concentrations might be related to environmental conditions. High seabird activity sites (HB) showed lower CO2 concentrations than medium and low seabird activity sites (MB and LB) in bird sanctuary. Overall the mean concentration of CO2 in the bird sanctuary was lower than that in the beach tundra, but higher N2O concentration occurred there, indicating that CO2 uptake and N2O emission might be associated with seabird activities. The deposition of seabird guano supplied much organic carbon, nitrogen into local soils, and further stimulated tundra vegetation growth, which might increase tundra CO2 sink and N2O emission. Overall the mean concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in Ny-Ålesund were higher than the averages monitored in ZEP (Zeppelin Station), whereas the mean N2O concentration was lower than the average in ZEP. In addition, the mining area and human activity areas around the base and airport did not show evidently higher atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4 and N2O concentration.

Key words: Arctic, tundra, CO2, CH4, N2O