Abstract: Antarctic Treaty System(ATS) was gradually formed on the basis of Antarctic Treaty. Antarctic Treaty System is the legal regime and institutional basis of the Antarctic governance. Under the regulation of existing Antarctic governing regime, the Antarctic power structure reach the balance. Through the actors restrict on each other, Antarctic states achieved the equal right on the Antarctic affairs in form, and preserved the peaceful situation and free scientific research for semi century. While with the development of the Illegal，Unreported and Unregulated fishing in the Southern Ocean and the exploitation of Antarctic resource and the coastal countries’ Delimitation of the Continental Shelf outside Antarctica, the existing Antarctic governing regime is facing serious challenges.

Key words: Antarctic, Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctic Governing Regime, Challenges