关键词: 南极, 长城站, 环境影响, 评估, 影响度, 环境承载力, 高斯模式

Abstract:

Assessing the influence of human activities on the original environment of Antarctica is very important for both scientific research and research administration there. In this paper, the present environmental quality in Fildes Peninsula is evaluated primarily. Four key conceptions for Antarctic environmental impact assessment (EIA) are put forward for their new contents: the first one is environment, which centers organisms and biosystem, the second one is environmental background value, criterion and standard, concerning their availability at present, thirdly, Impact Degree (ID) of human activities simply indicates environmental changes compared with its original status, and the fourth one is Carrying Capacity of Environment (CCE), indicating the maximum bearable level of local anthropologic impact on environment.Two steps of Antarctic EIA are brought up, and the basic one is calculating ID while the advanced one calculating CCE. Taking Great Wall Station and Marsh Station in the south of Fildes Peninsula as a case study, the Impact Degree of the direct emission of power stations has been worked out, and some proposals on further research work and research administration also given.