极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 236-249.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20190043

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于遥感数据的北极西北航道海冰变化以及通航情况研究

汪楚涯1,2,杨元德1,张建1,田彪2,丁明虎2   

  1. 1.武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430079;
    2.中国气象科学研究院青藏高原与极地气象科学研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-19 修回日期:2019-10-15 出版日期:2020-06-30 发布日期:2020-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 杨元德
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406103)、国家自然科学基金(41476163, 41531069)、中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2019Y010)资助

Research on sea ice variability and navigation of the Arctic Northwest Passage from remote sensing data

Wang Chuya1,2, Yang Yuande1, Zhang Jian1, Tian Biao2, Ding Minghu2   

  1. 1.Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    2.Institute of Tibetan Plateau & Polar Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2019-08-19 Revised:2019-10-15 Online:2020-06-30 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Yuan-De YANG
  • Supported by:
    ;National Key Research and Development Project

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摘要： 使用不莱梅大学AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS)和AMSR2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2)日尺度海冰密集度数据, 计算了2002—2018年加拿大北极群岛7—9月的平均海冰面积, 研究了9月份平均海冰密集度变化特征; 结合商船破冰能力确定海冰密集度阈值, 选取西北航道关键区域, 统计了西北航道的通航窗口, 探讨了西北航道在实际商业通航方面的可能性。研究发现, 在过去17年加拿大北极群岛的7—9月海冰面积整体呈下降趋势但有明显波动性, 9月份的海冰分布年际变化复杂, 差异较大; 在西北航道可通航的年份中, 可通航的开始日期一般在8月份, 结束日期在9月底至10月初, 南路可通航时间最短14天, 最长达到80天。总的来说, 西北航道可通航年份和时间缺乏规律性。

关键词: 加拿大北极群岛, 海冰变化, 西北航道, 北极航运

Abstract: Using daily sea ice concentration data from satellites (AMSR-E and AMSR2), the average sea ice area from July to September (2002–2018) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago was calculated and the average sea ice variation in September was studied. Based on the ice-breaking capacity of a merchant ship, the threshold of sea ice concentration was determined. Key areas of the Northwest Passage were selected for study with the navigable windows counted and the possibility of actual commercial navigation discussed. We found that sea ice areas of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in July, August and September showed a downward trend over the past 17 years with clear fluctuations. The interannual variations in September sea ice distribution were complex. In the navigable years for the Northwest Passage, the navigable start date was generally in August and the end date varied from the end of September to the beginning of October; the navigable duration was more than 14 days with the longest reaching 80 days. In general, Northwest Passage navigable years and duration lacked regularity.

Key words: Canadian Arctic Archipelago, sea ice variability, Northwest Passage, Arctic shipping