极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 34-44.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20180013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极新奥尔松地区王湾和海湾河溶解N2O分布及影响因素

谷雪霁1  张桂玲1  朱卓毅2  张瑞峰3  金杰2  张国森2   

  1. 1中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100;
    2华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062;
    3上海交通大学海洋研究院, 上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-19 修回日期:2018-08-10 出版日期:2019-03-30 发布日期:2019-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 张桂玲
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41676188, 41676175)、国家海洋局极地科学考察项目 (2013YR09009 & 15/16YR14)和高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B13030)资助

Distributions and influence factors of dissolved N2O in the Kongsfjorden and Bayelva River in Ny-Ålesund, Arctic

Gu Xueji1, Zhang Guiling1, Zhu Zhuoyi2, Zhang Ruifeng3, Jin Jie2, Zhang Guosen2   

  • Received:2018-03-19 Revised:2018-08-10 Online:2019-03-30 Published:2019-03-30
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China;National Natural Science Foundation of China

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摘要：

分别于2013年8月和2015年8月对北极斯瓦尔巴德(Svalbard)群岛的王湾(Kongsfjorden)峡湾和海湾河(Bayelva River)等水域进行了调查, 对水体中溶解氧化亚氮(N2O)分布及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明, 2013年8月王湾表层溶解N2O浓度范围为10.95—13.32 nmol·L–1、平均值为(12.47±0.71) nmol·L–1, 海湾河表层溶解N2O浓度范围为10.66—16.83 nmol·L–1、平均值为(14.65±1.54) nmol·L–1; 2015年8月王湾表层溶解N2O浓度范围为11.40—13.07 nmol·L–1、平均值为(12.39±0.53) nmol·L–1, 海湾河表层溶解N2O浓度范围为9.38—15.45 nmol·L–1、平均值为(12.99±1.98) nmol·L–1。王湾西北部水体中N2O分布受北大西洋暖水团输入影响, 东南部受多条冰川融水输入影响; 同时, 沉积物可能通过反硝化等微生物活动释放N2O。王湾水体中ΔN2O和表观耗氧量(AOU)呈负相关性, 表明微生物活动对王湾水体N2O的产生和消耗贡献较小。2013年8月海湾河冰川融水中N2O呈现不饱和特征(78%), 受温度和水气交换影响, 海湾河N2O饱和度自上游冰川融水78%向河口逐渐增加至96%。受海冰融水稀释影响, 王湾表层N2O也表现出不饱和特征。2013年8月王湾表层N2O饱和度范围为77%—98%、平均值为(89±6)%; 2015年8月王湾表层N2O饱和度范围为90%—101%、平均值为(95±4)%。新奥尔松(Ny-Ålesund)地区水体中N2O饱和度主要与温度等因素有关, 其不饱和的特征使该地区水体成为大气中N2O的汇。

关键词: 北极, 峡湾, 河流, 氧化亚氮, 产生, 冰川融水

Abstract:

Distributions and saturations of nitrous oxide (N2O) were investigated in the Kongsfjorden and Bayelva River of the Svalbard islands in August 2013 and 2015. The concentrations of dissolved N2O in the surface water of the Kongsfjorden ranged from 10.95 to 13.32 nmol·L–1 with an average of (12.47 ± 0.71) nmol·L–1 in August 2013. In August 2015, the concentrations ranged from 11.40 to 13.07 nmol·L–1 with an average of (12.39 ± 0.53) nmol·L–1. Dissolved N2O concentrations in the surface waters of the Bayelva River ranged from 10.66 to 16.83 nmol·L–1 with an average of (14.65 ± 1.54) nmol·L–1 in August 2013. In August 2015, the concentrations ranged from 9.38 to 15.45 nmol·L–1 with an average of (12.99 ± 1.98) nmol·L–1. The warm and saline Atlantic water flow was thought to be the dominant factor in the N2O distributions in northwestern Kongsfjorden, while the N2O distributions in southeastern Kongsfjorden were mainly regulated by glacier meltwater. Meanwhile, sediment N2O produced through denitrification might be an important contributor to the accumulation of N2O in the Kongsfjorden. Negative correlations were found between the ΔN2O and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), indicating that biological activities had limited contributions to the N2O production and consumption in the Kongsfjorden. N2O in the glacier meltwater of Ny-Ålesund was undersaturated (78%) in August 2013. N2O saturations in the Bayelva River increased from the upper stream to the estuary because of the water-air exchange and temperature. The N2O undersaturation in the Kongsfjorden was the result of dilution by sea ice meltwater. N2O saturations in the surface waters of the Kongsfjorden ranged from 77% to 98% with an average of (89 ± 6)% in August 2013 and from 90% to 101% with an average of (95 ± 4)% in August 2015. Furthermore, other factors including temperature had an effect on the saturation of N2O in the different water bodies of Ny-Ålesund. Because of the undersaturation of dissolved N2O, the Kongsfjorden and Bayelva River were sinks for atmospheric N2O.

Key words: Arctic, fjord, river, nitrous oxide, production, glacier meltwater