极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 458-470.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250005

所属学科：极地政策与工程

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

北极海冰无人机浮标系统设计与应用

范高臣1  窦银科1,2  马春燕1  安宝宝1  陈彬1  寇立伟1,2   

  1. 1太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院, 山西 太原 030024;
     2山西省能源互联网研究院, 山西 太原 030032
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17 修回日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 窦银科
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划子课题-极地生态无人冰站观测系统研发与应用(2022YFC2807603)资助

Design and application of an Arctic sea ice UAV-Buoy system

FAN Gaochen1, DOU Yinke1,2, MA Chunyan1, AN Baobao1, CHEN Bin1, KOU Liwei1,2   

  1. 1College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; 
    2Shanxi Energy Internet Research Institute, Taiyuan 030032, China
  • Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-03-17 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要：

北极海冰每年5—9月为融化期, 但目前缺乏精细化的实时监测手段。为解决这一问题, 本文设计并开发了一种携带四旋翼无人机的冰基浮标, 突破了传统监测手段在时空分辨率、环境适应性及操作效率方面的局限。冰基浮标搭载实时动态定位(RTK)技术基准站和接触式充电系统, 能够为无人机提供厘米级的定位校正和低温环境下的充电支持。无人机配备吊舱摄像头, 可在浮标4 km范围内完成海冰表面特征的成像。同时, 系统通过铱星通信模块和数传电台, 构建了从国内监控平台至冰基浮标再至无人机的三级通信网络架构, 实现任务指令上传与监测数据的回传。2024年北极现场测试结果表明, 系统在监测任务执行和数据采集方面达到了预期效果, 验证了其在极地海冰监测中的实用性和可靠性。通过此次测试, 为未来进一步完善系统提供了方向, 将通过提升续航能力、影像质量及环境适应性等改进, 持续优化其性能, 为极地科研提供更加高效可靠的支持。


关键词: 四旋翼无人机, 冰基浮标, RTK定位技术, 电池充电, 极地自主监测

Abstract:

The Arctic sea ice undergoes a melting period from May to September each year, but there is currently a lack of refined real-time monitoring techniques. To address this issue, this study designed and developed an ice-based buoy equipped with a quadcopter to overcome the limitations of traditional monitoring methods in terms of spatiotemporal resolution, environmental adaptability, and operational efficiency. The ice-based buoy was equipped with an Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) base station and a contact charging system, providing the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with centimeter-level positioning correction and charging support in low-temperature environments.The UAV was equipped with a gimbal camera that enabled it to capture the surface features of sea ice within a 4 km radius of the buoy. Additionally, by leveraging iridium communication and telemetry, the system established a three-tier network from domestic monitoring platforms to the buoy and UAV to enable task command uploads and real-time data retrieval. Results from the 2024 Arctic field test demonstrated that the system achieved the expected performance in monitoring task execution and data collection, validating its practicality and reliability in polar sea ice monitoring. This test identified directions for further refining the system in the future have been identified. Improvements in endurance, image quality, and environmental adaptability will be pursued to continuously enhance its performance to provide more efficient and reliable support for polar scientific research.


Key words: quadcopter, ice-based buoy, RTK positioning technology, battery charging, polar autonomous monitoring