环北极沉积盆地结构与构造演化特征——来自环北极地质长剖面的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.2013.00294

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对北极地区不同盆地结构的系统研究与对比分析，绘制了环北极沉积盆地群长剖面，剖面全长约13 000 km，涉及季曼-伯朝拉盆地等15个盆地和微陆。由于整个剖面尺度巨大，在若干缺乏详细资料的地区采用将邻近地区的其他剖面平移到本剖面中，或由其两侧的剖面地层和构造形式推测。剖面涉及的盆地多属叠合性质，涵盖克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地、前陆盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地等多种盆地类型；各区域沉积厚度差异显著，最厚的东巴伦支海等盆地沉积了自古生界至新生界的地层，沉积厚度可达近15 km ，而沉积最薄处的拉普捷夫海等盆地则只发育了从中生界上白垩统至新生界的沉积，厚度不超过4 km。以北大西洋—北冰洋洋中脊为界，北极地区分属欧亚板块和北美板块，很多盆地为大陆的一部分或大陆向北冰洋的延伸部分（大陆架）。各盆地的发育主要受波罗的板块、西伯利亚板块与劳伦古陆显生宙以来的构造演化控制；加里东运动、埃尔斯米尔运动、海西运动（乌拉尔运动）及大西洋洋脊自南向北的扩张对环北极盆地均有显著影响，具体表现为造成盆地类型的改变、改变盆地沉降速率等。

关键词: 北极, 长剖面, 盆地（群）结构, 构造演化

Abstract: The Arctic region, including the Arctic Ocean, Eurasia and Amasia continents, and a series of islands, is rich in oil and gas resources. The extreme climate and a water depth over 1200m make it difficult to perceive most of the basins in circle-Arctic region. These basins’ structure and evolution can be better understood with systematic analysis and comparative study which reveal the tectonic system in large scale. A 13,000 km long profile, which goes through Timan- Pechora and other 14 basins or massifs, is finely drawn to show the region’s tectonic evolution. Some profiles from adjacent areas were used for reference for lack of data. Some parts of the profile were inferred from stratigraphy and structure of its both ends. Most basins in this profile are superimposed basins, including cratonic basin, rift basin, foreland basin and passive continental margin basin. The sedimentary thickness varies greatly in different basins-from 4km in Laptev Sea Basin (Mesozoic to Cenozoic) to 15km in East Barents Sea Basin (Paleozoic-Cenozoic). The North Atlantic and Mid-Arctic Ridges divide the Arctic region into Eurasia Plate and North America Plate. A majority of the basins belong to the continent or its extended part towards the Arctic Ocean (continental shelf). The basins’ evolution is controlled by the movement of the Baltic Plate, Siberian Plate and Lauren Supercontinent since Phanerozoic. Caledonian movement, Ellesmerian movement, Hercynian (Uralian) movement and the Atlantic spreading had significant influences on the basins in circle-Arctic region, which is responded by the change of basin types and alteration of sedimentation rates.

Key words: Arctic, profile, basin structure, tectonic evolution

毛翔李江海杨静懿. 环北极沉积盆地结构与构造演化特征——来自环北极地质长剖面的证据[J]. 极地研究, 2013, 25(3): 294-303.

Mao Xiang，Li Jianghai,Yang Jingyi. TYPES AND STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN THE ARCTIC REGION：EVIDENCE FROM CIRCUM-ARCTIC GEOLOGICAL PROFILES[J]. ADVANCES IN POLAR SCIENCE, 2013, 25(3): 294-303.

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