极地研究

极地研究 ›› 1999, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 4-10.

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雪冰电导率反映的南、北极和青藏高原大气环境差异

效存德;秦大河;任贾文;李忠勤;盛文坤   

  • 出版日期:1999-03-30 发布日期:1999-03-30

THE DIFFERENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL LOADINGS BETWEEN ANTARCTICA,ARCTIC AND THE QINGHAI TIBETAN PLATEAU,SHOWN BY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SNOW AND ICE

  • Online:1999-03-30 Published:1999-03-30

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摘要：

青藏高原（无论南部、北部）雪冰电导率与雪冰体的酸碱度及雪冰内各类杂质成分的关系明显不同于极地冰盖（南极冰盖与格陵兰冰盖），青藏高原雪冰电导率依赖于地壳来源的碱性矿物盐类杂质（如Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋，ＳＯ２－４等），因而与雪冰酸度（即Ｈ＋）呈反相关；极地冰盖雪冰电导率依赖于海洋来源的酸根离子（如Ｃｌ－，ＳＯ２－４等），因而与雪冰酸度呈正相关。但在北极地区，雪冰电导率与各离子的关系存在复杂的地域分异，如在北极中心地区，极可能由于“北极霾”的干扰，打破了格陵兰冰盖内电导率与酸根离子间明确的函数关系。总之，雪冰电导率是寒区大气环境的替代性“指示器”

关键词: 北极,南极,青藏高原,电导率,pH值,大气环境

Abstract:

The relationships of ECM with ice acidity and impurities concentrations are much different between the Tibetan Plateau and the polar regions. On the Tibetan Plateau,ECM is contributed by mineral ions(i.e.,Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ ,SO 2- 4,etc.) mainly derived from crustal sources, and thus display an actively linear correlation between ECM and these ions.While in polar ice sheet,however,ECM of snow and ice is mainly contributed by acidic roots such as Cl -,SO 2- 4 and NO - 3 that mostly come from ocean.Therefore,there is good relationship between ECM and concentration of H +.However,the relationship between ECM and major ions has complicate geographical differentiation in the whole Arctic. For instance,there no longer exits the same simple relationship in the central Arctic as in the Greenland Ice Sheet,probably due to the disturbance of Arctic Haze. In general, ECM of snow and ice is a potential indicator of atmospheric environment of cold regions.